Photoluminescence spectroscopy at 79K is shown to provide an alternative, non-destructive characterisation method for quantifying the boron and phosphorous dopant concentrations in silicon. The dopant concentrations are revealed by the photoluminescence intensity ratios of the dopant-related features to the band-to-band recombination peaks. The intensity ratio is found to be insensitive to the ...

The synthetic protocol for the reduction of alcohols to hydrocarbons by using hydriodic acid, first described by Kiliani more than 140 years ago, was improved to be more applicable to organic synthesis. Instead of a strongly acidic, aqueous solution, a biphasic toluene-water reaction medium was used, which allowed the conversion of primary, secondary and tertiary benzylic alcohols, in good yiel...

An approach to developing and using Bayesian networks to model watershed management decisions is presented with a case study application to phosphorous management in the East Canyon watershed in Northern Utah, USA. The Bayesian network analysis includes a graphical model of the key variables in the system and conditional and marginal probability distributions derived from a variety of data and ...

OBJECTIVE To assess energy and nutrient consumption and the prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intake among Brazilian adolescents. METHODS A random sample composed of 6,797 adolescents (49.7% girls), between 10 and 18 years old, was evaluated in the first National Dietary Survey, part of the Household Budget Survey carried out in 2008-2009. Expansion factors, sample complexity design and ...

Traditional models of chemostat systems looking at interactions between predator, prey and nutrients have used only a single currency, such as energy or nitrogen. In reality, growth of autotrophs and heterotrophs may be limited by various elements, e.g. carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous or iron. In this study we develop a dynamic energy budget model chemostat which has both carbon and nitrogen as c...

The phosphorous diffusion from atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) deposited phosphorus silicate glass (PSG) promises reduced process costs compared to the standard POCl3 diffusion process, since no POCl3 gas flow is necessary during the diffusion process. Therefore, much smaller or no spacing between the wafers is necessary and the throughput of the diffusion process can be ...

Non-collagenous, soluble proteins and collagen have been extracted quantitatively from freshly dissected chicken bone at 4 ûC in presence of protease inhibitors, and their content in organic phosphorus assayed. We found that non-collagenous proteins were not covalently bound to collagen in chicken bone, as in some calcified tissues. They represented 30 p. 100 of the organic matrix and bound 75 ...

A strategy for the functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes is reported. The synthesis involved the conversion of fluorinated single-walled carbon nanotubes to the thiolated derivative assisted by phosphorous pentasulfide. The thiol group is then quantitatively oxidized to the sulfonic acid group. The extent of oxidation of the thiol precursor is confirmed using X-ray photoelectron s...