Phosphates along the DNA function as chemical energy frequently used by nucleases to drive their enzymatic reactions. Exonuclease functions as a machine that converts chemical energy of the phosphodiester-chain into mechanical work. However, the roles of phosphates during exonuclease activities are unknown. We employed λ exonuclease as a model system and investigated the roles of phosphates dur...

Voltage-dependent K(+) (Kv) channels require lipid phosphates for functioning. The S4 helix, which carries the gating charges in the voltage-sensing domain (VSD), inserts into membranes while being stabilized by a protein-lipid interface in which lipid phosphates play an essential role. To examine the physical basis of the protein-lipid interface in the absence of lipid phosphates, we performed...

___________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract Phosphates are inorganic compounds, based on the element phosphorus, combined with oxygen to form phosphates, the form in which phosphorus is present in nature. Phosphates are essential for plant growth, crops, and human health. Phosphates have been used in processing and preservation of fruits ...

During an attempt to crystallize potassium manganese diiron phosphate KMnFe(2)(PO(4))(3) by the flux method, a new phase, potassium dimanganese iron triphosphate, K(0.53)Mn(2.37)Fe(1.24)(PO(4))(3), was isolated. This phase, whose composition was confirmed by ICP analysis, is isotypic with the alluaudite-like phosphates, thus it exhibits the (A2)(A'2)(A1)(A'1)(A''1)(M1)(M2)(2)(PO(4))(3) general ...

Little is known about the evolutionary origins of metabolism. However, key biochemical reactions of glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), ancient metabolic pathways central to the metabolic network, have non-enzymatic pendants that occur in a prebiotically plausible reaction milieu reconstituted to contain Archean sediment metal components. These non-enzymatic reactions could have...

This study aims to explore the relationship between human enteric viruses found in town-scale surface water sources and certain chemical contaminants present water. From October 2010 April 2012, samples were collected analyzed using a combination of biophysical molecular techniques detect presence adenoviruses (HAdV) enteroviruses (HEV) as well parameters predictors for virus survival. The conc...

Phosphates offer a range of possibilities when used in meat and poultry productions. Food grade phosphates are used in meat products for several reasons such as changing and/or stabilizing of pHvalue, increasing water holding capacity in order to lead to higher yields, decreasing losses of weight in cooking, improving texture and sensory properties (tenderness, juiciness, color and flavor), ext...

Abstract. The sulfidic waste dumps of the historical mining sites Giftkies and Kaňk (Czech Republic) have been exposed to a temperate climate over decades. This exposure generated low-pH conditions caused by metal sulfide decomposition. Tin sulfides stannite–kësterite series [Cu2(Fe,Zn)SnS4] are common Sn minerals in ores at investigated sites. They decompose under acidic oxidizing form situ se...

Enzymes that are capable of hydrolyzing ribonucleoside 2’, 3’cyclic phosphates but that do not attack intemucleotide bonds are available from various sources (1). Several of these enzymes convert ribonucleoside 2’,3’-cyclic phosphates to the corresponding ribonucleoside 2’-phosphates. The first die&erase of this type was studied in calf spleen by Whitfeld, Heppel, and Markham (2). Davis and All...