Grating displacement measurement technique is an important means to achieve precise displacement measurement of nanometer scale. Moiré fringe phase difference measurement is the basis of grating displacement measurement technique. Traditional Moiré fringe subdivision method based on DFT algorithm has low frequency resolution relatively when extracting Moiré fringe fundamental frequency spectral...

Measuring the volume of a bubble, especially at its detachment, is a basic subject in gas-liquid two-phase flow research. A new indirect method for this measurement under constant flow conditions is presented. An electronic device is designed and constructed based on laser beam intensity. This device calculates the frequency of the bubble formation by measuring the total time of the formation p...

Based on a laser diode, a 12 × 6 photodiode array sensor, and machine learning techniques, a new void fraction measurement method for gas-liquid two-phase flow in small channels is proposed. To overcome the influence of flow pattern on the void fraction measurement, the flow pattern of the two-phase flow is firstly identified by Fisher Discriminant Analysis (FDA). Then, according to the identif...

We demonstrate high spatial resolution phase retrieval of a non-periodic gold nano-structure using the method of Fresnel coherent diffractive imaging. The result is quantitative to better than 10% and does not rely on any a priori knowledge of the sample.

Although the canonical phase of light, which is defined as the complement of photon number, has been described theoretically by a variety of distinct approaches, there have been no methods proposed for its measurement. Indeed doubts have been expressed about whether or not it is measurable. Here we show how it is possible, at least in principle, to perform a single-shot measurement of the canon...

The ongoing merger of the digital and optical components of the modern microscope is creating opportunities for new measurement techniques, along with new challenges for optical modelling. This thesis investigates several such opportunities and challenges which are particularly relevant to biomedical imaging. Fourier optics is used throughout the thesis as the underlying conceptual model, with ...

6 Von Neumann Entropy 16 6.1 A Warmup Exercise: Damped Harmonic Oscillator . . . . . . 16 6.2 Double Well Coupled to a Dissipative Heat Bath . . . . . . . 17 6.3 Disordered Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 6.3.1 Anderson Localization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 6.3.2 Integer Quantum Hall Plateau Transitions . . . . . . . 21 6.3.3 Infinite Randomness Fixed Po...

The performance of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) compass is related to the quality of carrier phase measurement. How to process the carrier phase error properly is important to improve the GNSS compass accuracy. In this work, we propose a dual frequency carrier phase error difference checking algorithm for the GNSS compass. The algorithm aims at eliminating large carrier phase e...