Article history: Received 18 July 2007 Revised 18 July 2008 Available online 10 September 2008 The substantial literature on access to higher education has a narrow focus: the effect of tuition on the enrollment decisions of 18-year-olds seeking bachelors degrees. But for non-traditional (i.e. older) students who tend to prefer community college, access is more about a school’s location than ab...

Autonomous vehicles are being viewed with scepticism in their ability to improve safety and the driving experience. A critical issue with automated driving at this stage of its development is that it is not yet reliable and safe. When automated driving fails, or is limited, the autonomous mode disengages and the drivers are expected to resume manual driving. For this transition to occur safely,...

IN T R O D U C T IO N A passing lane is an added lane provided in one or both directions of travel on a conventional tw o-lane highw ay to im prove passing oppo r­ tunities. T his definition includes passing lanes in level or rolling terra in , clim bing lanes on grades, and short four-lane sections. T he length of the added lane can vary from 1,000 feet as m uch as 3 miles. Figure 1 illustrate...

Travel to procure deceased donor organs is associated with risk to transplant personnel. In many instances, multiple teams are present for a given operation. We studied our statewide experience to determine how much excess travel this redundancy entails, and generated alternate models for organ recovery. We reviewed our organ procurement organization's experience with deceased donor operations ...

This paper estimates the effect of ambulatory surgical centers (ASCs) on hospital surgical volume using hospital and year fixed effects models with several robustness checks. We show that ASC entry only appears to influence a hospital's outpatient surgical volume if the facilities are within a few miles of each other. Even then, the average reduction in hospital volume is only 2-4%, which is no...

An analysis of how various road infrastructure improvements affect traffic-related fatalities and injuries is conducted while controlling for other factors known to affect overall safety. The road infrastructure elements analysed include total lane miles, the fraction of lane miles in different road categories (interstates, arterial, and collector roads), the average number of lanes for each ro...

over the past few years, residual pharmaceuticals (antibiotics, anticonvulsants, antipyretics drugs, hormones) have begun to be considered as emerging environmental pollutants due to their continuous input and persistence to aquatic ecosystem even at low concentrations. therefore, the development of efficient, cost-effective, and stable methods and materials for the wastewaters treatment have g...

BACKGROUND Mandatory generic substitution was introduced in Sweden in October 2002 in order to try to curb escalating pharmaceutical expenditure. The aim of this study was to investigate how sales patterns for substitutable and non-substitutable pharmaceuticals have developed since the introduction of mandatory generic substitution; furthermore, to compare sales patterns in different groups of ...

Conflicts of Interest J.A.E. is a consultant for Novartis, Sanofi, Genentech, Clovis and Astra Zeneca; owns equity in Gatekeeper Pharmaceuticals, which has interest in T790M inhibitors; has research agreements with Novartis and Astra Zeneca. Z.P. has provided consulting services for Clovis Oncology. L.V.S. has provided uncompensated consulting services to Clovis Oncology, AstraZeneca, Novartis,...