Luminal amino acids and lack of luminal acidity as a result of acid neutralization by intragastric foodstuffs are powerful signals for acid secretion. Although the hormonal and neural pathways underlying this regulatory mechanism are well understood, the nature of the gastric luminal pH sensor has been enigmatic. In clinical studies, high pH, tryptic peptides, and luminal divalent metals (Ca(2+...

BACKGROUND Although the lethal triad of hypothermia, acidosis, and coagulopathy has been recognized for a decade, the underlying mechanisms related to the development of coagulopathy are not fully understood. Consequently, current strategy in treating trauma patients with coagulopathy is limited to "staying out of the trouble" instead of "getting out of trouble." A better understanding of the u...

Environmentally responsive, water-soluble polymers have a wide variety of uses ranging from drug delivery to viscosity modifiers. Their utility lies in the ability to use environmental perturbations to dramatically alter the material properties. Here, we describe the interfacial properties of a hydrophobically modified copolymer of N-isopropylacrylamide and glycinylacrylamide (NIPAM-N-Gly-(C18)...

A procedure for extracting plasmid DNA from bacterial cells is described. The method is simple enough to permit the analysis by gel electrophoresis of 100 or more clones per day yet yields plasmid DNA which is pure enough to be digestible by restriction enzymes. The principle of the method is selective alkaline denaturation of high molecular weight chromosomal DNA while covalently closed circul...

Oxidation of lactose to lactobionic acid by a Microdochium nivale carbohydrate oxidase was studied. The K(m)-value for lactose, obtained by a traditional enzymatic assay, was 0.066 mM at pH 6.4 and 38 degrees C. The effect of oxygen on the enzymatic rate of reaction as well as the operational stability of the enzyme was studied by performing reactions at constant pH and temperature in a stirred...

In an effort to improve current technology for detection of Newcastle disease virus in convalescent birds, a procedure has been developed for efficient reactivation of virus that has been neutralized by antibody. The reactivation capabilities of fluorocarbon treatment, ultrasonic treatment, pH extremes, and proteolytic digestion were evaluated using the LaSota strain of virus. Reactivation was ...

A method was found for the in situ activation of the latent Ca(2+)-ATPase of the coupling factor from chloroplasts of Euglena gracilis and its resultant solubilization. The activation causes the concomitant solubilization of the enzyme and facilitates easy and nearly complete extraction. The activation consists of lowering the pH of isolated chloroplasts for 2 minutes to pH 4.5 to 4.7 with acet...

This paper describes the modelling and control of a pH neutralization process using a Local Linear Model Tree (LOLIMOT) and an adaptive neuro–fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The Direct and Inverse model building using LOLIMOT and ANFIS structures is described and compared. The direct and inverse models of the pH system are identified based on experimental data for the LOLIMOT and ANFIS structur...