this paper aims to probe the nature of possible responses to the actions taken by certain foreign companies to unilaterally terminate their services to the iranian public and private internet service providers. the paper examines specifically the procedural aspects of the issue and concludes that due to the lack of the biased nature of relationship between sysops and internet users and the abse...

the character of cosmopolitanism in e-commerce disputes is much more complicated than in normal international transactions. internet environment has created challenges and changes about the governing law of contracts in this space. this cyber space has technical and legal differences in compared with physical environment. in this paper, we intend to answer this question that in dispute arising ...

civil liability in electronic communications is one the most important issues of information and communications technology (ict) law. civil liability may be arisen from different causes such as copyright and trade mark infringement invasion of privacy and defamation. when discussing civil liability, two different civil liability systems may be considered: direct and indirect civil liability. in...

Service-oriented computing as a concept for providing interoperability and flexibility within heterogeneous environments has gained much attention within the last few years. Dynamically integrating external Web services into enterprise applications requires automatic contracting between service requestors and providers and automatic contract monitoring. This paper suggests a semi-automatic appr...

This paper discusses the legal aspects of digital signatures especially in the context of non-repudiation. Non-repudiation is an essential requirement for the full-developed contract law. Traditional maxim pacta sunt servanda (contracts must be fulfilled) could not exist, if the people were always able to deny the binding force of contracts, to repudiate them, if it was in their interest to do so.