BACKGROUND Migraine is one of the most frequent disabling neurological conditions with a major impact on the patients' quality of life. OBJECTIVES To give evidence-based or expert recommendations for the different drug treatment procedures in the particular migraine syndromes based on a literature search and the consensus of an expert panel. METHODS All available medical reference systems w...

OBJECTIVE To provide updated evidence-based recommendations for the preventive treatment of migraine headache. The clinical question addressed was: Are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or other complementary treatments effective for migraine prevention? METHODS The authors analyzed published studies from June 1999 to May 2009 using a structured review process to classify the evid...

Abstract Little is known about the chlorophyll fluorescence spectra for high latitude plants. A FluoWat leaf clip was used to measure leaf-level reflectance and of leaves common plants examine general spectral characteristics these species. Fluorescence yield (Fyield) calculated as ratio emitted divided by absorbed radiation wavelengths from 400 nm up wavelength cut-off low pass filter (either ...

The methanol extract from the leaves of Petasites japonicus Maxim (PJ) was studied for its (anti-)mutagenic effect with the SOS chromotest and reverse mutation assay. The (anti-)carcinogenic effects were evaluated by the cytotoxicity on human cancer line cells and by the function and the expression of gap junctions in rat liver epithelial cell. PJ extracts significantly decreased spontaneous be...