ferula galbaniflua boiss is one of the natural plants of iran that its exudates, barijeh gum, can be used in food industry. the present study explored the properties of a new gum extracted from tubers of ferula galbaniflua. for this purpose, barijeh gum was extracted from crude exudates by alcoholic extraction with 90% ethanol. the purity of gum was relatively high, and it composed mostly of sa...

In statistical machine translation, data sparsity is a challenging problem especially for languages with rich morphology and inconsistent orthography, such as Persian. We show that orthographic preprocessing and morphological segmentation of Persian verbs in particular improves the translation quality of Persian-English by 1.9 BLEU points on a blind test set.

1. Gum arabic is a water-soluble polysaccharide resistant to human gut enzymes and thus can be described as dietary fibre. 2. Using a most-probable-number technique, estimates were made of total anaerobes and of gum-arabic fermenters in the faeces of a volunteer during a control period and during addition of 10 g gum arabic/d to the diet. Using an enrichment technique, the principal bacteria ab...

Research is reviewed on the effects of chewing gum on stress, alertness and cognition (including findings from cognitive neuroscience). There is some evidence that chewing gum reduces chronic stress, while effects on acute stress have been less clear in an experimental context. A robust effect of gum chewing on subjective alertness has been observed. However, findings on chewing gum and cogniti...

The experiment examined the prediction that chewing gum at learning and/or recall facilitated subsequent word recall. Chewing gum at learning significantly impaired recall, indicating that the chewing of gum has a detrimental impact upon initial word encoding. In addition, a context-dependent memory effect was reported for those participants who both learned and recalled in the absence of gum; ...

People of all cultures chew gum, and a variety of gums and gum-like substances have been enjoyed for thousands of years. The introduction and subsequent success of Nicotine chewing gum in the 1980’s paved the way for a more general acceptance of chewing gum as a drug delivery system. Improved technology and extended knowledge, together with the inclusion of medical chewing gum in the European P...

Spelling errors in digital documents are often caused by operational and cognitive mistakes, or by the lack of full knowledge about the language of the written documents. Computer-assisted solutions can help to detect and suggest replacements. In this paper, we present a new string distance metric for the Persian language to rank respelling suggestions of a misspelled Persian word by considerin...

OBJECTIVE Persian leek is one of the most widely used herbal foods among Iranians. In this study, effects of oral administration of Persian leek on plasma and liver lipids were examined in hamster. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Syrian hamsters were randomly divided into three groups: control (standard diet), high fat control (high-fat/high-cholesterol diet), Persian leek (high-fat/high-cholester...

In a study published previously in this journal (Wilkinson et al., 2002), the effect of chewing gum on cognitive functioning was examined. The results of this study indicated that chewing a piece of gum results in an improvement of working memory and of both immediate and delayed recall of words but not of attention. In the present study, memory and a variety of attentional functions of healthy...