seismic retrofit of masonry slabs in existing steel or masonry buildings has found special significance in current codes as failure of unstable jack arch slabs has been reported as a major reason for collapsing structures in middle east deadly earthquakes. in this paper, three retrofit schemes are investigated and compared. the proposed rehabilitation techniques consist of a single x strapping,...

Studies on brain stem respiratory neurons suggest that eupnea consists of three phases: inspiration, postinspiration, and expiration. However, it is not well understood how postinspiration is organized in the diaphragm, i.e., whether postinspiration differs in the crural and costal segments of the diaphragm and what the influence is of postinspiratory neurons on diaphragm function during eupnea...

Esophageal distension causes simultaneous relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and crural diaphragm. The mechanism of crural diaphragm relaxation during esophageal distension is not well understood. We studied the motion of crural and costal diaphragm along with the motion of the distal esophagus during esophageal distension-induced relaxation of the LES and crural diaphragm. Wire...

The present paper reports the laminar fluid flow and heat transfer of a heated array of circular-perforated and solid fins mounted over a flat surface using the finite-volume method. One to four circular cross-sectional perforations are made along the length of the fins. The SIMPLE algorithm is used for pressure-velocity coupling and the second order upwind technique is employed to discreti...

Objective To evaluate the technical feasibility of four-dimensional (4D) CT for the functional evaluation of the pediatric diaphragm. Materials and Methods In 22 consecutive children (median age 3.5 months, age range 3 days-3 years), 4D CT was performed to assess diaphragm motion. Diaphragm abnormalities were qualitatively evaluated and diaphragm motion was quantitatively measured on 4D CT. L...

BACKGROUND Acute appendicitis (AA) is one of the most common surgical emergencies, whosepostoperative morbidity and mortality increase significantly when the appendix perforates. The identification of factors that lead to perforation in these patients might effectively reduce morbidity. In this study, factors associated with perforation in AA were examined. METHODS The study included sixty pa...

INTRODUCTION The prevailing view on appendicitis is that the main aetiology is obstruction owing to faecoliths in adults and lymphoid hyperplasia in children. Faecoliths on imaging studies are believed to correlate well with appendicitis. METHODS A retrospective chart review was conducted of 1,014 emergency appendicectomy patients between 2001 and 2011. Faecolith prevalence in adult and paed...

Objective: Agenesis of the diaphragm (AD) in adults is an extremely rare congenital malformation. To date, only a few descriptions this pathology have been published scientific literature. The article presents case detection left-sided AD 25-year-old patient operated on for diaphragmatic relaxation. Additional examination methods, including echocardiography and ultrasonography abdominal organs ...

The diaphragm is grasped, and as much of the anterior diaphragm as possible is pulled into a retaining clamp. This maneuver is easier to perform for the right diaphragm than the left diaphragm, owing to the risk of incorporating viscera on the left. Upon initial placement of the clamp, it is evident that all of the diaphragm that would optimally be resected cannot occur in one application. This...

INTRODUCTION Diaphragm weakness induced by prolonged mechanical ventilation may contribute to difficult weaning from the ventilator. Hypercapnia is an accepted side effect of low tidal volume mechanical ventilation, but the effects of hypercapnia on respiratory muscle function are largely unknown. The present study investigated the effect of hypercapnia on ventilator-induced diaphragm inflammat...