Although our subjective impression is of a richly detailed visual world, numerous empirical results suggest that the amount of visual information observers can perceive and remember at any given moment is limited. How can our subjective impressions be reconciled with these objective observations? Here, we answer this question by arguing that, although we see more than the handful of objects, cl...

one of the important factors in making financial decisions is perceptual biases. they influence decisions at the time of exchanging stocks. the present research means to identify these common biases among investors and show its relation with their personality. doing this research, the statistic society is considered unlimited thus a random group of 200 investors from tehran stock exchange has b...

The literature currently contains a dichotomy in explaining how humans learn lexical semantic representations for words. Theories generally propose either that lexical semantics are learned through perceptual experience, or through exposure to regularities in language. We propose here a model to integrate these two information sources. The model uses the global structure of memory to exploit th...

What are the natural constraints for the human body representation? Here I report a perceptual illusion where healthy individuals experience having two right arms, with both sensing touches applied to them. This effect reveals how visual and tactile signals from the body are integrated in a probabilistic fashion, resulting in a single limb being represented at two locations at the same time, gi...

When you have a perceptual experience of a given physical object that object seems to be immediately present to you in a way it never does when you consciously think about or imagine it. Many philosophers have claimed that naı̈ve realism (the view that to perceive is to stand in a primitive relation of acquaintance to the world) can provide a satisfying account of this phenomenological directnes...

Realism concerning a given domain of things is the view that the things in that domain exist, and are as they are, quite independently of anyone’s thought or experience of them. The realism which I am concerned with here is empirical realism, that is, realism concerning empirical things, which are the ordinary persisting things presented to us in our perception of the world around us. Empirical...

Presenting a word enhances its later perceptual identification. This article focuses on the relation between this effect on perception and recognition memory. Prior experiments have revealed that perceptual enhancement is independent of recognition memory and have led to the two types of task being identified with separate memory systems. In contrast, the present experiments reveal parallel eff...

Perceptual narrowing—a phenomenon in which perception is broad from birth, but narrows as a function of experience—has previously been tested with primate faces. In the first 6 months of life, infants can discriminate among individual human and monkey faces. Though the ability to discriminate monkey faces is lost after about 9 months, infants retain human face discrimination, presumably because...

BACKGROUND Humans can easily restore a speech signal that is temporally masked by an interfering sound (e.g., a cough masking parts of a word in a conversation), and listeners have the illusion that the speech continues through the interfering sound. This perceptual restoration for human speech is affected by prior experience. Here we provide evidence for perceptual restoration in complex vocal...

This study examines the effects of L1 tone experience and L2 learning experience on tone assimilation. It has been proposed that perceptual assimilation of segments is tied to L1 and L2 contrasts at the phonetic level for listeners without L2 experience [1] but at both phonetic and phonological levels for those with L2 experience [2]. In this examination of perceptual assimilation of lexical to...