Saltatory impulse conduction in invertebrates is rare and has only been found in a few giant nerve fibres, such as the pairs of medial giant fibres with a compact multilayered myelin sheath found in shrimps (Penaeus chinensis and Penaeus japonicus) and the median giant fibre with a loose multilayered myelin sheath found in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris. Small regions of these nerve fibres ...

A highly sensitive and specific TaqMan real-time PCR was used to quantify hepatopancreatic parvovirus (HPV) type III infections in wild broodstocks and hatchery-reared postlarvae (PL) of Fenneropenaeus chinensis. Totals of 159 and 162 wild brooders from three locations were captured, and 140 and 180 PL were obtained from seven and six commercial hatcheries in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Among ...

In this study, we genotyped 117 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms using a DigiTag2 assay to assess the genetic diversity, structure and relationships of 16 Eurasian cattle populations, including nine cattle breeds and seven native cattle. Phylogenetic and principal component analyses showed that Bos taurus and Bos indicus populations were clearly distinguished, whereas Japanese Shorthor...

The taurine and zebuine cattle breeds comprise the majority of the world cattle population but their taxonomic status is still controversial. The two forms of cattle are currently classified as Bos taurus and Bos indicus species and are differentiated primarily by the presence or absence of a hump. However, these two species hybridize readily, producing fully fertile offspring. We have determin...

the aim of the present study was to compare three reducing sugars (d-glucose, d-arabinose, d-mannose) with respect to the antioxidative activity characteristics of their caramelisation products (cps) prepared by monitoring uv-absorbance, browning intensity, ferric ion reducing capacity, fe2+ ion chelating activity as well as dpph radical scavenging activity. moreover, the effect of cps from d-g...

The accumulations of Cd, Ni, Pb, and Cr were measured in muscle, gill, kidney, and liver of Platycephalus indicus and Pampus argenteus. Our results indicated that all metals were found to be the highest in tissues in P. indicus (benthic species). Except Ni in P. indicus, concentrations of metals and bioaccumulation factor were in the following sequence: liver > kidney > gill > muscle. The data ...

UNLABELLED Mycobacterial evolution involves various processes, such as genome reduction, gene cooption, and critical gene acquisition. Our comparative genome size analysis of 44 mycobacterial genomes revealed that the nonpathogenic (NP) genomes were bigger than those of opportunistic (OP) or totally pathogenic (TP) mycobacteria, with the TP genomes being smaller yet variable in size--their geno...

Freeze dried powdered leaves of Cymbopogum citratus (DC) Stapf, Cinnamomum camphor a (L.) Nee & Eberm Ipomoea mauritiana Jacq. famarandus indicus L., Lantana camara L., Myroxylon balsumum (L.) Harm, Citrus aurantium L. and vitex altisima L. were tested against Callosobruchus maculatus under nochoice and choice situations. Under no-choice situation, V. altisima at the rate of 5.0% w/w was highly...