28 It is well established that the sensorimotor state of one limb can influence another limb 29 and therefore, bilateral somatosensory inputs make an important contribution to interlimb 30 coordination patterns. However, the relative contribution of interlimb pathways for modifying 31 muscle activation patterns in terms of phasing is less clear. 32 Here we studied adaptation of muscle activity ...

Pedaling with independent cranks ensures each leg cycles independently of the other, and thus eliminates the contribution of the contralateral leg during the upstroke phase. Consequently the subject is required to actively pull-up the pedal to complete the cycle. The present study aimed to determine the acute effect of the use of independent cranks on muscle coordination during a submaximal ped...

Optimal pacing strategies for cycling time trials have been treated in literature in numerous publications, e.g. Gordon (2005). Generally, the minimum time pacing is sought subject to a mechanical model and a physiological model. The mechanical model (Martin, 1998) comprises the pedaling power P and forces for gravity on a cycling track of varying slope, rolling resistance, aerodynamic drag, fr...

The current density-luminance-voltage characteristics of organic light-emitting devices ~OLEDs! with N ,N8-Bis~naphthalen-1-yl)-N ,N8-bis~phenyl! benzidine ~NPB! of various thicknesses as the hole transport layer have been investigated. It is found that for conventional structures of indium– tin–oxide/NPB/tris~8-hydroxyquinoline! aluminum (Alq3) ~60 nm!/LiF ~0.5 nm!/Al the optimal hole injectio...

Cycling is known to be an effective rehabilitation exercise for hemiplegic patients who face difficulty during walking because of stroke or other brain disorders. A cycling wheelchair (CWC) is a useful tool to provide exercise for these patients and improve their quality of life. In previous studies, our group developed a system that allows patients to safely practice driving a CWC in a virtual...

A 29‐year‐old male patient presented with decreased vision for 2 years following electrocution injury (electric cables with 25000 volts). No significant family or ocular history was elicited. He was diagnosed to have pigmentary retinopathy in both eyes clinically. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 6/12, N8 in the right eye and 6/18, N8 in the left eye. Anterior segment examination reveale...

Objective(s):The present study investigated the effect of long-term mild cerebral hypoperfusion induced by permanent unilateral (right) common carotid artery occlusion (UCO) on the dorsal hippocampal neurons in rats. Materials and Methods:Sixty four male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 4 months were divided into two groups of sham and UCO. These two groups were further divided into 4 sets of histopath...