—The problem-based learning (PBL) is a learning theory that emphasizes collaboration and teamwork to solve a problem. However, a problem that occurs frequently in the implementation of PBL is the presence of passive students who are usually students who have difficulty working in teams or who are unmotivated during the process of teaching and learning. An aspect that can positively influence th...

This article looks at the use of extended metaphor in teaching. Our case studies as two teachers using metaphor in different settings show how metaphor is experienced by learners to different pedagogical effect. The article demonstrates that metaphor can be used not only for the similarity between vehicle and target systems, but also for the difference. In the subject of electronics, extended m...

Pierre Dillenbourg and Fabrice Hong bring our flash theme of scripting to a conclusion with a pedagogical design model for scripting classroom activities. Their theoretical framework for conceptualizing and structuring pedagogical scripts defines three primary social levels on which learning, interaction and knowledge building can take place: that of the individual student, the small workgroup ...

In this paper we survey experiments with program and algorithm visualizations (PAVs) where learning improvements have been detected. We analyze these experiments based on the student’s level of engagement with the visualizations. There are some features present in most of these, successful, experiments. Therefore they should be taken into account as important factors affecting pedagogical effec...

Many studies and systems that incorporate elements such as “pleasure” and “fun” in the game to improve a learner’s motivation have been developed in the field of learning environments. However, few are the studies of situations where many learners gather at a single computer and participate in a game-based learning environment (GBLE), and where the GBLE designs the learning process by controlli...

Pedagogical agents have made significant strides over the past few years as a new species of learning technologies. This paper is a review on the current state of the art in pedagogical agents, believability and human-likeness, and instructional affordance of the autonomous agents in Intelligent Tutoring Systems. It reviews the challenges that concern pedagogical agents, and proposes research a...

Existing approaches to integrating ITS and CSCL environments have not attempted to model the collaborative interaction between human learners in order to exploit its pedagogical potential. We present an approach to modelling such interactions and students' underlying beliefs, within the framework of a CSCL environment designed for learning the concept of energy in physics (C-CHENE). The environ...

In this paper, we explore the impact of two types of instructional interventions, worked examples and problem solving, at two levels of granularity: problems and steps. This study drew on an existing Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) for Probability called Pyrenees and involved 266 students who were randomly assigned to five conditions. All students experienced the same procedure, studied the s...

Educators have been striving to achieve meaningful technology use in our K-12 classrooms for over 30 years. Yet, despite significant investments of time and money in infrastructure, training, and support “we have few assurances that [educators] are able to use technology for teaching and learning” (NEA, 2008, p. 1). In this article, we call for a shift in focus from technology integration (and ...

The development of pedagogical agents has been focused on the empirical relevance of outward appearance and the voiced conveyance of information. Rather than following these steps of analysing agents' looks, the following paper is focused on having pedagogical agents function proactively in regard to the environment the learner is situated in. This means agents are able to listen and react to n...