Through numerical simulation of inverse problem computation, our new method of EXAFS analysis was tested for a simple structure of copper metal. For a simulation test, we constructed a structural model with all possible paths of single and multiple scattering within 6 Å. Typically, the first-shell PDF (pair distribution function) is computed according to an algebraic equation describing the tem...

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Biogeochemical models have been used to evaluate long-term ecosystem responses to global change on decadal and century time scales. Recently, data assimilation has been applied to improve these models for ecological forecasting. It is not clear what the relative information contributions of model (structure and parameters) vs. data are to constraints of shortand long-term forecasting. In this s...

Probabilistic aspects of regional ocean model predictability is analyzed using the probability density function (PDF) of the irreversible predictability time (IPT) (called τ PDF) computed from an unconstrained ensemble of stochastic perturbations in initial conditions, winds, and open boundary conditions. Two-attractors (a chaotic attractor and a small-amplitude stable limit cycle) are found in...

This study quantitatively estimated the precipitation associated with a typhoon in the northwestern Pacific Ocean by using a physical algorithm which included the Weather Research and Forecasting model, Radiative Transfer for TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder model, and data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)/TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) and TRMM/Precipitation Radar (PR). First...

Respiratory variables, including tidal volume and respiratory rate, display significant variability. The probability density function (PDF) of respiratory variables has been shown to contain clinical information and can predict the risk for exacerbation in asthma. However, it is uncertain why this PDF plays a major role in predicting the dynamic conditions of the respiratory system. This paper ...

An extension of the flamelet/progress variable (FPV) model for the prediction of extinction and reignition is applied in large-eddy simulation (LES) of flames D and E of the Sandia piloted turbulent jet flame series. This model employs a presumed probability density function (PDF), in which the marginal PDF of a reactive scalar is modeled by a statistically most likely distribution. This provid...

Diffusion spectrum magnetic resonance imaging (DSI) allows the estimation of the displacement probability density function (pdf) of water molecules, which contain valuable information about the microgeometry of the medium where the diffusion process occurs. It provides a more general approach to disentangle complex fiber structures in biological tissues because it does not assume any particular...

Endemann M, Bergmeister H, Bidmon B, Boehm M, Csaicsich D, Malaga-Dieguez L, Arbeiter K, Regele H, Herkner K, Aufricht C. Evidence for HSP-mediated cytoskeletal stabilization in mesothelial cells during acute experimental peritoneal dialysis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 292: F47–F56, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00503.2005.—Low biocompatibility of peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) injures mesothelia...

[PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , April 10, 2007; 104 (15): 6424-6429. PNAS T. Serre, A. Oliva and T. Poggio A feedforward architecture accounts for rapid categorization [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , May 1, 2007; 97 (5): 3193-3205. J Neurophysiol J. C. Alvarado, J. W. Vaughan, T. R. Stanford and B. E. Stein Multisensory Versus Unisensory Integration: Contrasting Modes in the Superior Collicul...