Introduction: Education is one of the universities' most important tasks, and paying attention to its useful components will improve its quality. Therefore, to know the effective indicators in this field, it is necessary to study teachers' and students' views. Methods: In this review study, articles published between 2010-2011 were reviewed. Electronic search in Persian and English using Persia...

Sayyid Abdollāh Shubbar in Masābih al-Anwār fi Hal Mushkilāt al-Akhbār argues that the reason of the difficulty of the meaning of some narrations is due to their incompatibility with others and he, therefore, endeavoures to explain away this incompatibility. Having mentioned different views on solving the incompatibility Shubbar sometimes explains the preponderant view, but sometimes mentions t...

from 1950s onward, new theories and critical approaches burgeoned across humanities. these theories were context-oriented; as a result, the analysis of discursive practices gained significance. thus, social, political, historical and cultural discourses that have been hitherto marginalized and considered inferior to literary texts, were introduced as important texts to be analyzed by critics. o...

why some learners are willing to communicate in english, concurrently others are not, has been an intensive investigation in l2 education. willingness to communicate (wtc) proposed as initiating to communicate while given a choice has recently played a crucial role in l2 learning. it was hypothesized that wtc would be associated with language learning orientations (llos) as well as social suppo...