OBJECTIVE Enhanced HIV prevention interventions, such as preexposure prophylaxis for high-risk individuals, require substantial investments. We sought to estimate the medical cost saved by averting 1 HIV infection in the United States. METHODS We estimated lifetime medical costs in persons with and without HIV to determine the cost saved by preventing 1 HIV infection. We used a computer simul...

BACKGROUND In November 2016, the ICH published a requirement for sponsors to develop a systematic, prioritised, risk-based approach to monitoring clinical trials. This approach is more commonly known as risk-based monitoring (RBM). However, recent evidence suggests that a 'gold standard', validated approach to RBM does not exist and it is unclear how sponsors will introduce RBM into their organ...

INTRODUCTION The costs of health care in Poland are continuously increasing. Thus, almost every institution providing medical services aims at their limitation. One of the costs rationalisation methods in the health care sector is outsourcing. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted in 153 randomly selected institutions providing medical activities. The tool was a questionnaire, availabl...

Social impact bonds are payment by results contracts that leverage private social investment to cover the up-front expenditure associated with welfare services. The introduction of private principles and actors through outcome-based commissioning has received a great deal of attention in social policy research. However, there has been much less attention given to the introduction of private cap...

This paper outlines a feasible employee premium contribution policy, which would reduce the inefficiency associated with adverse selection when a limited coverage insurance policy is offered alongside a more generous policy. The "efficient premium contribution" is defined and is shown to lead to an efficient allocation across plans of persons who differ by risk, but it may also redistribute aga...

The fast-spreading Corona virus requires the government to take policies quickly break chain of its spread. Various ways are done starting from diverting all activities that usually offline online. This increase in use technology is due activity restrictions and causes people spend more time at home, one which buying food online through delivery applications, resulting many choosing without pay...

cated in the scenic Jackson Hole Valley and is a major gateway to the Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks. In addition, it is home to the world’s largest ball of barbed wire. (It’s amazing what you learn when studying healthcare finance!) Jen Latimer, a recent graduate of Idaho State University’s healthcare administration program, was just hired to be Big Sky’s practice manager. One of h...

Several paradigms show that responses to one event compromise responses to a second event for around 500 ms. Such effects are generally attributed to attentional capacity limitations associated with processing information in the first event. In a task in which targets could be distinguished only by their meaning, we varied the semantic relationship between distractors and targets following at d...

W ork force studies often reflect common prejudices , cost-saving philosophies, rumor and innuendo , but little data. An exception to this rule exists in the recently published Committee on Manpower of Pulmonary and Critical Care Societies (COMPACCs) study. 1 As I read it, there is a shortage of pulmonary and critical care specialists now and this shortage will get worse in the future. These co...