Greenhouse tests were conducted to determine the effects of soil temperature and texture on development of Pratylenchus scribneri and the pathogenicity and reproductive rates of this nematode on selected crop plants. In a sandy loam soil, greatest numbers of P. scribneri were found at 30 and 35 C on sudangrass and sugarbeet, respectively. In a silty clay loam, the nematode reproduced best at 35...

Larvae of Aedes aegypti, Ae. vexans and Culiseta inornata were used to study the pathogenicity of the hyphomycete fungus Tolypocladium cylindrosporum. Experiments consisted of continuous exposure of second-instar larvae to 5 concentrations of conidia at 10, 15, 20 and 25 degrees C. The 3 test species were susceptible at all temperatures tested. There was generally a direct relationship between ...

Barnyard grass (Echinochloa spp.) is the most important weeds in rice fields. Some fungal pathogens can potentially be used as biological agents for the control and management of these weeds. For this reason, two pathogenic fungal species were isolated and characterized from naturally infected Echinochloa species. Morphological characters of isolates were studied in order to identify the taxono...

The necrotrophic fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis causes tan spot, a major disease of wheat, throughout the world. The proteinaceous effector ToxA is responsible for foliar necrosis on ToxA-sensitive wheat genotypes. The single copy ToxA gene was deleted from a wild-type race 1 P. tritici-repentis isolate via homologous recombination of a knockout construct. Expression of the ToxA t...

Cutinase, a fungal extracellular esterase, has been proposed to be crucial in the early events of plant infection by many pathogenic fungi. To test the long-standing hypothesis that cutinase of Nectria haematococca (Fusarium solani f sp piso is essential to pathogenicity, we constructed cutinase-deficient mutants by transformation-mediated gene disruption of the single cutinase gene of a highly...

An avian influenza virus (AIV), A/turkey/Israel/09 subtype H6N1, was isolated from turkey poults exhibiting typical pathology associated with AIV infection. The virus was characterized by RT-PCR using AIV subtype-specific primers and by the haemagglutination inhibition test using AIV subtype-specific antisera. The virus has an intravenous pathogenicity index of 0 and possessed a nucleotide sequ...

1. The agglutination titer for chicken red cells of freshly prepared or carefully stored suspensions of PR8 influenza virus, that is to say virus of maximum pathogenicity, was found to be proportional to the mouse lethal titer of the same preparations. 2. The agglutination titer of infected allantoic fluid procured in a standard way is relatively constant, regardless of the influenza strain use...

In a grove in north-eastern Morocco 2020, severe root rot and crown symptoms were noticed on olive trees (Olea europaea). Pythium schmitthenneri was identified as the pathogen based conidia morphology cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COXII) gene sequence analysis. Koch's postulates verified by re-isolation of fungus P. from artificially inoculated seedlings after pathogenicity test. This is first...

The K-I and nephropathogenic K-II genotypes of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) have been isolated since 1995 and 1990, respectively, in Korea and commercial inactivated oil-emulsion vaccines containing KM91 (K-II type) and Massachusetts 41 strains have been used in the field. To date, genomic analyses of Korean IBV strains and animal models to test the pathogenicity of Korean IBVs to the repr...

among fungi, species of the genus paecilomyces are considered as promising biological control agents with high potential to reduce root-knot nematode (rkn) and other nematode populations. in this research we investigated a soil hyphomycetes, paecilomyces marquandii and its pathogenicity on eggs of rkn in vitro. in greenhouse test, root weight, plant length, fresh weight and dry weight of plants...