The objective of the present study was to formulate a multi-pathogen enrichment broth which could support the simultaneous growth of five common foodborne pathogens (Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7). The formulated broth SSSLE was composed of potassium tellurite, bile salt, lithium chloride, and sodium chloride a...

the genus teucrium (germander) belongs to the family lamiaceae, within the subfamily ajugoideae .teucrium polium l. (labiatae) has long been recognized in folk medicine in the treatment of many pathophysiological implications, such as gastrointestinal disorders, inflammations, diabetes and rheumatism. in this study antimicrobial activity of two crude extracts obtained from teucrium polium l. wa...

colletotrichum species are associated with citrus plants as pathogens, saprobes and endophytes. according to the most recent multigene phylogenetic analysis, a lot of changes were happened in the taxonomy and species delimitation in the genus colletotrichum. in this investigation, 292 colletotrichum isolates were obtained from leaves, fruits and stems of citrus species at golestan, mazandaran, ...

The objective of this observational study was to estimate effects clinical mastitis (CM) cases caused by different pathogens (Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and CM with no growth) occurring in the first 100 d lactation 1, a dairy cow on future rate occurrence types during cow's full lifetime. outcomes were Streptococcus growth, after until removal throug...

A dietary deficiency in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and/or sterols can severely constrain growth and reproduction of invertebrate consumers. Single nutrients are potentially assigned to different physiological processes, for example to support defence mechanisms; therefore, lipid requirements of healthy and pathogen-challenged consumers might differ. In an oral exposure experiment, we e...

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAP3Ks), the top components of MAPK cascades, modulate many biological processes, such as growth, development and various environmental stresses. Nevertheless, the roles of MAP3Ks remain poorly understood in cotton. In this study, GhMAP3K65 was identified in cotton, and its transcription was inducible by pathogen infection, heat stress, and multi...

In this study, effects of single and combined applications biocontrol agents; Trichoderma spp. (T. atroviride, T. virens) plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas koreensis, Bacillus subtilis) on growth, wilt disease severity caused by Verticillium dahliae defence-related enzymes (peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonium lyase β-1,3 glucanase) eggplant, were investigated....

The ecology and evolution of infectious disease occur at multiple spatial scales. In this paper, we explore some consequences of transient dynamics of pathogens within individual hosts. If infected hosts die quickly, relative to internal equilibration in pathogen dynamics, within-host transients may influence between-host transmission and spread. We develop a formulation for characterizing the ...