The patellofemoral joint is intrinsically unstable because the tibial tubercle lies lateral to the long axis of the femur and the quadriceps muscle, and the patella is therefore subject to a laterally directed force. This apparent ‘design fault’ is minimised by the resistance of the lateral lip of the trochlea to lateral movement of the patella during flexion (Brattström 1964). In full extensio...

The current view of skeletal patterning fails to explain the formation of sesamoid bones. These small bones, which facilitate musculoskeletal function, are exceptionally embedded within tendons. Although their structural design has long puzzled researchers, only a limitedmodel for sesamoid bone development has emerged. To date, sesamoids are thought to develop inside tendons in response to mech...

A report on an unusual transverse fracture through the body of the patella in a 13 year old high jumper is presented. The clinic features and treatment of the more usual avulsion injury of the patella is discussed.

We measured longitudinal surface strains on the anterior patella at controlled simulated quadriceps loads, quadriceps angles, and knee flexion angles. We studied both the natural patella and patellas resurfaced with domed, bifaceted, and metal backed polyethylene components. Twelve matched pairs of fresh human cadaver knee specimens were tested. Midanterior longitudinal patellar strains were gr...

We report an extremely rare case of both recurrent lateral patella dislocation and medial patellofemoral instability, following prior operations to correct patella maltracking. Manual translation of the patella revealed medial and lateral instability with a positive apprehension sign. 3-D computer modelling of kinematics based on MRI data demonstrated that the patella deviated laterally at full...

Lateral patellar dislocations can damage the medial patella femoral ligament. Nonoperative care is preferred but some tears may require a surgical intervention. Patella fractures are considered a risk factor after surgery. The technique described in this Technical Note avoids any bone tunnel drilling, which may eliminate the possibility of a patella fracture. The surgical procedure uses periost...

Background & Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the immediate effect of patella support brace on co-contraction and electromyographic activity of selected lower limb muscles in females with patellofemoral pain syndrome during stance phase of gait. Methods: EMG activity of vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, rectus femoris, gastrocnemius, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, gluteus medi...

Objectives: The present research aimed to evaluate the relationship of supra patella effusion with pain and disability in patients with knee osteoarthritis by Ultrasonography (US). Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 60 patients with knee OA (Mean±SD score of body mass index: 29.81±5.64 kg/m2 and age: 50.48±7.57 years) were selected by nonprobability sampling method. Supra patella effusion wa...

Hip rotation during gait has traditionally been measured using thigh wand markers. Hip rotation data calculated using thigh wands shows large variability between different laboratories and underestimates the rotation movement. This study investigated effectiveness of a patella marker in tracking hip rotation range of motion in comparison with traditional thigh wands. In controlled trials of iso...