In the past few years, the interest in the Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) has increased dramatically, as it has very advantageous features as a mobile source of electrical energy. Its fuel methanol is easy to store and to handle and has a high energy density. These advantages over hydrogen-fed PEMFCs (polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells) have resulted in first commercial products (e.g. fr...

Direct-methanol fuel cell (DMFC) systems are comparatively simple, sometimes just requiring a cartridge and stack with appropriate control devices. The key challenge in these is the accurate determination of flow rates mixture methanol water, fundamental understanding can be gained by computational fluid dynamics. In this work, three-dimensional, steady-state, two-phase, multi-component non-iso...

Multi-metallic Pd@FePt core–shell nanoparticles were synthesized using a direct seed-mediated growth method, consisting of facile and mild procedures, to increase yield. The Fe/Pt ratio in the shell was easily controlled by adjusting amount Fe Pt precursors. Furthermore, compared with commercial Pt/C catalysts, exhibited excellent activity stability toward methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), mak...

Evidence is accruing that people can maintain their emotional states, but how they do it and which brain regions are responsible still remains unclear. We examined whether people maintain emotional states 'actively', with explicit elaboration of the emotion, or 'passively', without elaboration. Twenty-four participants completed an emotion maintenance task in which they either maintained the em...

Sulfonic acid-functionalized polymer electrolyte membranes alternative to Nafion(®) were developed. These were hydrocarbon systems, such as blend sulfonated polyetheretherketone (s-PEEK), new generation perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) systems, and composite zirconium phosphate-PFSA polymers. The membranes varied in terms of composition, equivalent weight, thickness, and filler and were investigat...

As an alternative or supplement to small batteries, the much-anticipated micro-direct methanol fuel cell ( DMFC) faces several key technical issues such as methanol crossover, reactant delivery, and byproduct release. This paper addresses two of the issues, removal of CO2 bubbles and delivery ofmethanol fuel, in a non-prohibitiveway for systemminiaturization. A recently reported bubble-driven p...