The supply air from the airliner ventilation system is a mixture of outside air and recirculated air that passes through a high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter. The effectiveness of two commercial-available airliner cabin air filters were investigated under the laboratory-based measurement due to the practical restriction of airliner cabin filter test during usage. The filtration effic...

body, being contained in infusion solutions not only cause infusion-related phlebitis but also have been suggested to damage various organs such as the lungs, brain, kidneys, liver, and spleen. However, in Asian countries such as Japan, adequate attention is not paid to particulate contamination of parenteral solutions. For example, many drugs in glass ampoules are added to parenteral nutrition...

Phoenix Services, Inc., owns and operates the Baltimore Regional Medical Waste Incinerator in Baltimore, MD. New regulations for dioxins and furans imposed a limit that was considerably below historical emission levels. To determine a method to comply with the new dioxin/furan regulations, Phoenix Services performed trials with powdered activated carbon (PAC). Although the results with carbon w...

In this study 11 commercial roll-your-own (RYO) tobacco brands sold in Spain and the reference tobacco 3R4F have been smoked and several components of the mainstream tobacco smoke have been analyzed. Cigarettes were prepared using commercial tubes, and were smoked under smoking conditions based on the ISO 3308. The gaseous and condensed fractions of the smoke from RYO brands and 3R4F have been ...

Particulate matter accumulated on car engine air-filters (CAFs) was examined in order to investigate the potential use of these devices as efficient samplers for collecting street level air that people are exposed to. The morphology, microstructure, and chemical composition of a variety of particles were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). The par...

Representative dilution tube sampling techniques for particulate and gas phase vehicle emissions are described using Teflon filter media and XAD-2 resin. More than 90% of the total gas (C8-C18) and particulate direct acting Ames assay mutagenicity (TA 98) was found in the particulate phase. The gas and particulate phase material was fractionated by HPLC into nonpolar, moderately polar and highl...

Interests in Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives (Nitrated PAHs, Oxygenated Azaarenes Sulfur Heterocycles) have been growing because of toxicity. The first part this review gathers information on sampling Compounds (PACs) airborne particulate matter (PM), dust soot, extraction thanks to solvent methods, sample clean-up for further analysis. Atmospheric PM is generally ...

The primary means of determining particulate organic carbon (POC) concentrations in aquatic environments is by filtering from water bottles or by in situ filtration with pumps and analyzing the filters. The concentrations measured by these two methods, however, can differ by a factor of 1.2–5 in temperate waters, and by factors as large as 200 in cold, high-latitude waters. Here we report that ...

A filtered data sequence can be obtained by multiplying the Fourier ordinates of the data by the ordinates of the frequency response of the filter and by applying the inverse Fourier transform to carry the product back to the time domain. Using this technique, it is possible, within the constraints of a finite sample, to design an ideal frequency-selective filter that will preserve all elements...