one of the most important natural factors and critical facilities in tehran is presence of alborzslopes river-valleys which have been considered as natural tourist places for citizens since a long time ago, especiallyin hot summers and play effective role in creating a balance between manmade and natural spaces. importance ofthese river-valleys as ecological pathways is enhanced with the increa...

Sustainable forest management integrates ecological, social, and economic objectives. To achieve the former, researchers and practitioners are modifying silvicultural practices based on concepts from successional and landscape ecology to provide a broader array of ecosystem functions than is associated with conventional approaches. One such innovation is disturbance-based management. Under this...

Cities present significant opportunities for new landscape perspectives that can help inform conservation and development decisions. Early in the twenty-first century, the majority of the planet’s population became urban as more people lived in city-regions for the first time in our history. As the global population increases, so does this urbanization. The environmental challenges of populatio...

Analytical models show that high-dimensional fitness landscapes form “holey” rather than “rugged” topographies, but the implications of this finding for biological and artificial life systems remain largely unexplored. One of the reasons for this gap can be attributed to serious difficulties in the implementation of individual-based holey fitness landscape (HFL) models. Here, we introduce a met...

This paper offers an ecologically-based view of land and land value, buildin,0 upon the muftiproducr nature of e&systems and upon landscape ecology. The paper qu&.ions the ability of markets to create optimal landscap&‘even when traditionhl methods of internalizing externalities are appli&d, ;and concludes that-&emptin g a tomplere valuation of’ ecosystem; is’ quixoric: Achieving sustainable la...

Remote sensing imagery has been widely used in urban growth and environment analysis with many effective and advanced strategies being developed. However, most of these approaches are separated from each other. There is an urgent need to combine different modules into some practical processing chains. Firstly, we present a comprehensive analysis of key processing chains in applying remote sensi...

Expert knowledge plays an integral role in applied ecology and conservation (Burgman 2005 ) . Environmental systems are characterized by complex dynamics, multiple drivers, and a paucity of data (Carpenter 2002 ) . Action is often required before uncertainties can be resolved. Where empirical data are scarce or unavailable, expert knowledge is often regarded as the best or only source of inform...

■ Abstract Landscape ecology focuses on the reciprocal interactions between spatial pattern and ecological processes, and it is well integrated with ecology. The field has grown rapidly over the past 15 years. The persistent influence of land-use history and natural disturbance on contemporary ecosystems has become apparent. Development of pattern metrics has largely stabilized, and they are wi...