Increasing pCO2 (partial pressure of CO2 ) in an "acidified" ocean will affect phytoplankton community structure, but manipulation experiments with assemblages briefly acclimated to simulated future conditions may not accurately predict the long-term evolutionary shifts that could affect inter-specific competitive success. We assessed community structure changes in a natural mixed dinoflagellat...

The spotted salamander Ambystoma maculatum breeds in shallow freshwater pools and imbeds its eggs within a common outer jelly matrix that can limit oxygen availability. The eggs are impregnated with the unicellular alga Oophilia amblystomatis, which produces oxygen during the day but consumes oxygen at night. This daily cycle of algal oxygen production drives a diurnal fluctuation of oxygen par...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the factors associated with blood oxygen partial pressure and carbon dioxide partial pressure. METHODS The factors associated with oxygen - and carbon dioxide regulation were investigated in an apneic pig model under veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. A predefined sequence of blood and sweep flows was tested. RESULTS Oxyge...

Commercially available gases contain residual impurities leading to a background oxygen partial pressure of typically several 10 bar, independent of temperature. This oxygen partial pressure is inappropriate for the growth of some single crystals where the desired oxidation state possesses a narrow stability field. Equilibrium thermodynamic calculations allow the determination of dynamic atmosp...

Article history: Received 27 November 2009 Revised 31 May 2010 Accepted 5 June 2010 Available online xxxx

The ability to engineer nearly perfect ultrathin oxide layers, up to the limit of monolayer thickness, is a key issue for nanotechnological applications. Here we face the difficult and important case of ultrathin MgO films on Ag(100), for which no extended and well-ordered layers could thus far be produced in the monolayer limit. We demonstrate that their final morphology depends not only on th...

Fruit flies live longer at the partial pressure of oxygen found in air than at either larger or smaller partial pressures. Flies exposed to 1 atm of oxygen for 8 hr every day do not recover completely in the remaining 16 hr. In general, intermittent exposures to 1 atm of oxygen are better tolerated than continuous exposure to the same average oxygen concentration per day, but exposures to highe...

An aerobic Lactobacillus plantarum culture displayed growth stagnation during early growth. Transcriptome analysis revealed that resumption of growth after stagnation correlated with activation of CO(2)-producing pathways, suggesting that a limiting CO(2) concentration induced the stagnation. Analogously, increasing the CO(2) gas partial pressure during aerobic fermentation prevented the tempor...

To exploit the full potential of multicomponent wide-bandgap oxides, an in-depth understanding of the complex defect chemistry and of the role played by the constituent oxides is required. In this work, thorough theoretical and experimental investigations are combined in order to explain the carrier generation and transport in crystalline InGaZnO4. Using first-principles density functional appr...

A time-domain chemical-recognition system for classifying gases and analyzing gas mixtures is presented. We analyze the free induction decay exhibited by gases excited by far-infrared (terahertz) pulses in the time domain, using digital signal-processing techniques. A simple geometric picture is used for the classif ication of the waveforms measured for unknown gas species. We demonstrate how t...