Alternative reproductive tactics may be a product of adaptive phenotypic plasticity, such that discontinuous variation in life history depends on both the genotype and the environment. Phenotypes that fall below a genetically determined threshold adopt one tactic, while those exceeding the threshold adopt the alternative tactic. We report evidence of genetic variability in maturation thresholds...

A series of a new type of tetracyclic carbazolequinones incorporating a carbonyl group at the ortho position relative to the quinone moiety was synthesized and analyzed by tandem electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI/MS-MS), using Collision-Induced Dissociation (CID) to dissociate the protonated species. Theoretical parameters such as molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), local Fuku...

The presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) serves as a prognostic marker and indicator of disease relapse, as well as a means of evaluating treatment efficacy in human and canine lymphoma patients. As an extension of our previous study for the construction of clinically useful GeneScan system, we utilized the GeneScan system for detecting CTCs in canine lymphoma patients. Samples from the p...

This paper proposes the algorithm ProSum to perform the supervised classification of the data. In the proposed algorithm data is fuzzified by using π–type membership function to give the feature belongingness of each pattern to each class. By using Product aggregation reasoning rule (PARR) and sum aggregation reasoning rule (SARR), the belongingness of each pattern to each class is determined. ...

a r t i c l e i n f o Swimming performance, metabolic rate, and the metabolic response to hypoxia were measured in stream-type spring Chinook salmon parr (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) that had been reared for up to 40 weeks on diets where varying levels of refined canola oil (CO) replaced anchovy oil and poultry fat as the source of supplemental dietary lipids. Thus, CO comprised either 0% (dAPF),...

This computational study presents the assessment of eleven density functionals that include CAM-B3LYP, LC-wPBE, M11, M11L, MN12L, MN12SX, N12, N12SX, wB97, wB97X and wB97XD related to the Def2TZVP basis sets together with the Solvation Model Density (SMD) solvation model in calculating the molecular properties and structure of the Blue-G1 intermediate melanoidin pigment. The chemical reactivity...

Degree of silvering (colouration) is often used as an index of the degree of srnoltification in salmonids. To judge the reliability of silvering a s an indicator of migratory readiness, we examined the silvering of wild coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, smolts upon entry into the Carnation Creek, British Columbia, estuary. Silvering of migrants was greater in larger fish and increased over the...

The chemical reactivity of resveratrol isomers with the potential to play a role as inhibitors of the nonenzymatic glycation of amino acids and proteins, both acting as antioxidants and as chelating agents for metallic ions such as Cu, Al and Fe, have been studied by resorting to the latest family of Minnesota density functionals. The chemical reactivity descriptors have been calculated through...