Improving listening comprehension skill is one of the urgent contemporary educational needs in the field of second language acquisition and metacognitive strategies are proved to help learners manage and self-regulate their listening and overcome deficiencies. Although metacognitive instruction is underscored by previous research, task-based metacognitive instruction is seriously underresearche...

The test misgrading is treated in this paper as a stochastic process. Three characteristic values, the expected number of misgradings, the expected inter-occurrence time of misgradings, and the expected waiting time for the nth misgrading, are discussed based on a simple Poisson model and a hierarchical Beta-Poisson model. Regular tests for classroom teaching and the Test of Written English (TW...

This paper presents a rule-based reordering approach for English-Hindi machine translation. We have used the concept of pada, from Pān. inian Grammar to frame the reordering rules. A pada is a word form which is ready to participate in a sentence. The rules are generic enough to apply on any English-Indian language pair. We tested the rules on English-Hindi language pair and obtained better com...