The purpose of this paper is to examine cervical cancer screening methods available in developing countries, and to discuss alternative effective methods of screening. Cervical cancer is a preventable and curable disease. However, it continues to threaten the lives of women today. Annual world incidence is an estimated 529,000 and mortality is 275,000. Eightyfive percent of cases and the majori...

The National Cancer Screening Programme (NCSP) began in 1999. The purpose of this report is to evaluate the results of the NCSP for cervical cancer in 2008 and to present essential evidence associated with the cervical cancer screening programme in Korea. Screening results were obtained from the National Cancer Screening Information System. Participation rates and recall rates were calculated w...

INTRODUCTION Women presenting with unhealthy cervix needs to be evaluated with Papanicolaou (Pap) smear for epithelial abnormalities. AIM To detect epithelial cell abnormalities in unhealthy cervix using the 2001Bethesda system of reporting for cervical cytology and to confirm histopathologicaly the findings of Pap smear. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, 125 women with clinical diagnosi...

Since the introduction of the Pap smear by George Papanicolaou, cervical cytology has become the main diagnostic tool to detect cervical cancer. Nowadays cervical cytology is not only used for the detection of overt cancer cells, but also for finding precursor lesions of cervical cancer—that is, cervical intraepithelial lesions grades I–III (CIN). The success of cervical cytology has often been...

The risk of cervical neoplasia for women with normal Papanicolaou smears was calculated for those whose smears were human papillomavirus (HPV) positive and those whose smears were HPV negative. Data on 347 cases and controls were analyzed in a population-based, nested case-control study. Cases (n = 77) were women who participated in the Utrecht screening program (1976-1984) in the Netherlands a...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of 0.75% metronidazole vaginal gel with no treatment in patients who have had a minimally abnormal Papanicolaou smear. METHODS One hundred forty-five patients whose initial Papanicolaou smears were limited by inflammation or benign cellular changes, reactive cellular changes, or atypical squamous cells of undetermined significan...

Four methods for the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal secretions from 88 symptomatic patients were compared: wet-mount examination, Kupferberg liquid medium, Hirsch charcoal agar, and the Papanicolaou smear. Hirsch diphasic slants and Kupferberg medium did not significantly differ in sensitivity from direct examination of wet mounts. The Papanicolaou smear identification of trichom...

BACKGROUND The rate of uptake of the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear is generally low. Its causal relationship with human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA allows HPV DNA self-sampling to be used as an alternative screening tool for cervical cancer. OBJECTIVES This study explored the acceptability of HPV DNA self-sampling and its impact on the rate of compliance with cervical cancer screening. METHODS A cr...