A new and relatively straightforward approach to interpolating and spatially averaging air temperature from weather-station observations is introduced and evaluated using yearly station averages taken from the Jones et al. archive. All available terrestrial station records over the period from 1881 through to 1988 are examined. Called climatologically aided interpolation, or CAI, our procedure ...

A new method is used to quantify the relationships between stress field and primary fracture characters (aperture, density) in low-permeability sandstone reservoirs based on laboratory experiments and mathematical development, through which, quantitative fracture modeling is set up. Using this modeling, we can load it into the stress analysis software (Ansys 10.0) to acquire 3D palaeo stress fi...

The climatological characteristics of total ozone over Estonia based on the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) data are discussed. The mean annual cycle during 1979–2000 for the site at 58.3 N and 26.5 E is compiled. The available ground-level data interpolated before TOMS, have been used for trend detection. During the last two decades, the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) corrected syste...

Abstract The Shimosa Group, a Middle- to Late-Pleistocene sedimentary succession, has been the focus of stratigraphic attention because it lies beneath Tokyo metropolitan area central Japan. It is also palaeoclimatic significance contains important interglacial marine strata past 450,000 years. Because Group were formed in shallow inner bay known as Palaeo-Tokyo Bay, rare occurrences planktonic...

Blended satellite–ship evaporation and SSM/I retrieved precipitation fields are used to compute oceanic freshwater budget (FWB) and transport (FWT) over a 3-year period (1988–90). In order to validate the results, comparisons on monthly, seasonal, and multiyear average bases are performed with ECMWF analyzed field and climatology respectively. For May 1988, differences between ECMWF output and ...

The simulation of major midwinter stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs) in six stratosphere-resolving general circulation models (GCMs) is examined. The GCMs are compared to a new climatology of SSWs, based on the dynamical characteristics of the events. First, the number, type, and temporal distribution of SSW events are evaluated. Most of the models show a lower frequency of SSW events than th...

A viable simplified climate model using a three-layer representation of the earth is described. The distinct layers correspond to the earth’s surface, lower atmosphere, and upper atmosphere. By considering the fact that any inequality of inward and outward energy fluxes would adjust to equilibrium according to blackbody laws, it is possible to generate layer-centric equations of climate variabl...

Technical note: A stratospheric climatology for O3, H2O and CH4 derived from HALOE measurements J.-U. Grooß and J. M. Russell III Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre I: Stratosphäre (ICG I), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany Hampton University, Hampton VA, USA Received: 11 April 2005 – Accepted: 15 April 2005 – Published: 12 May 2005 Correspondence to: J.-U. Grooß (j.-u.grooss...