Background. Low back pain is typically experienced by over 60% of pregnant women and pelvic pain by almost 20% (Pennick and Liddle, 2013). The treatment offered for this condition is mostly physiotherapy, however this is not always effective, or evaluated positively by women. Midwives accept that low back pain and/or pelvic pain (LBPP) is common during pregnancy and that treatment is conservati...

Pain is very common in the neurorehabilitation setting, where it may not only represent a target for treatment but can also negatively influence rehabilitation procedures directly or through the side effects of painkillers. To date, there are neither guidelines nor consensus on how to assess and treat pain in neurorehabilitation. Because of the very scanty pieces of evidence on this topic, the ...

Novel painkillers are urgently needed. The activation of opioid receptors in peripheral inflamed tissue can reduce pain without central adverse effects such as sedation, apnoea, or addiction. Here, we use an unprecedented strategy and report the synthesis and analgesic efficacy of the standard opioid morphine covalently attached to hyperbranched polyglycerol (PG-M) by a cleavable linker. With i...

INTRODUCTION In this two week experiment you will be synthesising and purifying two common analgesics (painkillers) aspirin and acetaminophen. Aspirin is prepared by the O-acylation (i.e. add an acyl group to an oxygen) of salicylic acid. Similarly, acetaminophen is prepared by the N-acylation (i.e. add an acyl group to a nitrogen) of p-aminophenol. Note the similarity between the two reactions...

INTRODUCTION Prescription drug abuse is a major health problem across the globe. Various complications associated with repeated injection of pentazocine are reported in the literature, including skin fibrosis, skin abscesses and ulceration, abnormal skin pigmentation and fibrous myopathy. CASE REPORT We present a case of 48 year male with history of pentazocine abuse. Patient developed multip...

“Doc, I read in the paper that painkillers can give you high blood pressure. What do you think?”My patient was a 49 year old man with rheumatoid arthritis. His disease had previously been severe, but it had been improving in recent months with etanercept and intraarticular corticosteroids. In trying to answer his question, I began by explaining the cardiovascular risks of non-steroidal anti-inf...

Madam, The scarcity of drugs harms patient safety and care.1 Media publications on the shortage painkillers tend to generate panic anxiety among public owing their role in analgesia recovery. Pain, especially when untreated, has far-reaching consequences for patients' quality life, including psychological, physical, social, economic consequences. Untreated pain proven be associated with depress...

Analgesic medication (i.e., painkillers) provides a legal method for athletes to compete through pain. Masking injury presents the risk of exacerbation as well potential organ damage, long-term musculoskeletal conditions, and dependence. The framing elite using could influence attitudes behaviors other sportspersons including junior recreational participants. This research explored tennis playe...

A 28-year-old male with an unremarkable history was referred from the outpatient clinic due to right-flank abdominal pain during the last three months. On physical examination the patient had right-flank tenderness and was negative for Murphy’s sign. The laboratory tests were normal. An abdominal ultrasound was performed, revealing a normal sized gallbladder with thin walls and no stones, altho...

The retroelement long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1 or L1) comprises about 17% of the human genome. A single human cell has 80 to 100 copies of retrotransposition-competent L1, approximately 10% of which are 'hot' and actively 'jump' around the genome. Recent observations demonstrated that low-molecular weight compounds may induce L1 retrotransposition through unknown mechanisms. Herein, we de...