Preliminary research on activated sludge potassium efflux (GGKE – glutathione-gated potassium efflux) as a result of peroxyacetic acid (PAA) dosing were performed. Similar to the case of chlorine dosing, the PAA dosing causes initiation of bacteria defense mechanisms related to the transformations of gluthathione tripeptide, resulting in the increase of potassium ion concentrations in the activ...

BACKGROUND Although popliteal artery aneurysms (PAA) are rare (0.1% of the general population), they are the most common of the peripheral aneurysms. They are associated with concomitant contralateral PAA and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), with a high risk of complications and an elevated morbidity and mortality. METHODS We performed a retrospective, transversal and retrolective study of a ...

We have studied the rheological behavior of concentrated cement suspensions in the absence and presence of comb polymers comprised of a polyacrylic acid (PAA) backbone and charge-neutral, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) teeth. These species possessed a uniform backbone molecular weight and graft density, with varying teeth molecular weight. Both PAA, a linear polyelectrolyte, and PAA/PEO comb polyme...

Elucidating the gene regulatory networks that govern pharyngeal arch artery (PAA) development is an important goal, as such knowledge can help identify new genes implicated in the manifestation of cardiovascular disease. The transcription factor Tbx1 plays a vital role in PAA development and is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease associated with DiGeorge syndrome. In this report, we u...

Hydrogen bonded poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) layer-by-layer assemblies are highly elastomeric, but more permeable than ionically bonded thin films. In order to expand the use of hydrogen-bonded assemblies to applications that require a better gas barrier, the effect of assembling pH on the oxygen permeability of PAA/PEO multilayer thin films was investigated. Altering the...

Elucidating the gene regulatory networks that govern pharyngeal arch artery (PAA) development is an important goal, as such knowledge can help identify new genes implicated in the manifestation of cardiovascular disease. The transcription factor Tbx1 plays a vital role in PAA development and is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease associated with DiGeorge syndrome. In this report, we u...

Elucidating the gene regulatory networks that govern pharyngeal arch artery (PAA) development is an important goal, as such knowledge can help identify new genes implicated in the manifestation of cardiovascular disease. The transcription factor Tbx1 plays a vital role in PAA development and is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease associated with DiGeorge syndrome. In this report, we u...

The process of metastasis involves numerous steps, many of which are thought to require the action of hydrolases, such as collagenase and other proteases. In this study, we investigate the role of the protease plasminogen activator in the metastasis of the rat mammary adenocarcinoma 13762. We observed that this tumor cell line is heterogeneous with respect to plasminogen activator (PAA) product...

Pluronic-PAA, a thermogelling copolymer composed of side chains of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) grafted onto a backbone of Pluronic copolymer, is of interest as a vehicle for the controlled release of compounds. An important feature of such a vehicle is its bioadhesive/mucoadhesive properties, which in the case of Pluronic-PAA are significant due to the presence of the PAA side chains. An atomic fo...

The novel water-dispersible nanoparticles from the double hydrophilic poly(acrylic acid)-b-poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(acrylic acid) (PAA-b-PEO-b-PAA) triblock copolymer and oppositely charged surfactant dodecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB) were prepared by mixing the individual aqueous solutions. The structure of the nanoparticles was investigated as a function of the degree of neutralizat...