Nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in cytochrome P450 (P450) genes may affect drug metabolism and drug-drug interactions (DDIs), potentially leading to adverse drug reactions. Functional characterization of the nsSNPs in P450 genes is important to help us understand the impact of genetic factors on P450-mediated drug metabolism and DDIs. To evaluate the effects of P450 nsSNP...

Cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes play a critical role in the activation and detoxication of many neurotoxic chemicals. Although research has largely focused on P450-mediated metabolism in the liver, emerging evidence suggests that brain P450s influence neurotoxicity by modulating local metabolite levels. As a first step toward better understanding the relative role of brain P450s in determining n...

Insect vectors and insect-borne plant viruses seriously endanger the safety of agricultural production. An insecticide is one main methods to prevent virus transmission. However, curious relationship between resistance insect arboviruses has been less studied. In this study, effect Tomato chlorosis (ToCV) on Bemisia tabaci MED was It found that detoxification cytochrome P450, glutathione S-tran...

Genome sequencing of basidiomycetes, a group of fungi capable of degrading/mineralizing plant material, revealed the presence of numerous cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) in their genomes, with some exceptions. Considering the large repertoire of P450s found in fungi, it is difficult to identify P450s that play an important role in fungal metabolism and the adaptation of fungi to diverse ...

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is associated with a decrease in drug metabolism secondary to a decrease in liver cytochrome P450 (P450). The predominant theory to explain this decrease is the presence of factors in the blood of uremic patients. This study tested the hypothesis that parathyroid hormone (PTH) could be this factor. The objectives of this study were to determine (1) the role of PTH in...

The extents to which small intestinal (SI) cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes control the bioavailability of oral drugs are not well defined, particularly for drugs that are substrates for both P450 and the P-glycoprotein (P-gp). In this study, we have determined the role of SI P450 in the clearance of orally administered lovastatin (LVS), an anti-hypercholesterolemia drug, using an intestinal epit...

An extraordinary array of P450 (cytochrome P450) enzymes are encoded on the genome of the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and in related mycobacteria and actinobacteria. These include the first characterized sterol 14alpha-demethylase P450 (CYP51), a known target for azole and triazole drugs in yeasts and fungi. To date, only two Mtb P450s have been characterized in detail: CYP5...

Cytochrome P450 (CYP or P450)-mediated drug metabolism requires the interaction of P450s with their redox partner, cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR). In this work, we have investigated the role of P450 hydrophobic residues in complex formation with CPR and uncovered novel roles for the surface-exposed residues V267 and L270 of CYP2B4 in mediating CYP2B4--CPR interactions. Using a combination of f...

We previously reported that cytochrome P450 (P450) is a key enzyme of organic nitrate biotransformation and that P450 levels of the heart and its vessels markedly decreased at the development of nitrate tolerance. Although our attention was mainly focused on the circulatory organs, most organic nitrates, including nitroglycerin (NTG), are metabolized in the liver, where nitric oxide (NO) is con...

The function of cytochrome P450 (P450) in the mammalian brain is not well understood. In an effort to further this understanding, this study identifies two endogenous substrates for P450 2D18. Previous reports have shown that this isoform is expressed in the rat brain, and the recombinant enzyme catalyzes the N-demethylation of the antidepressants imipramine and desipramine. By further examinin...