As the most efficacious drug for treating Parkinson’s disease, levodopa (L-DOPA), is oft viewed as a generator of reactive oxygen species (ROS), there is a question as to whether L-DOPA might accelerate progression of Parkinson’s disease. In this context we first review the potential of both L-DOPA and dopamine (DA) to generate ROS (including catecholquinones) in the presence of iron and melani...

with the aim to examine lead tolerance of populus nigra (clone 62/154) in symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, a greenhouse experiment was carried out in a factorial randomized complete scheme with two factors 1) fungal inoculation in 4 levels (control, inoculation with glomus mosseae, inoculation with g. intraradices and inoculation with g. mosseae + g. intraradices) and 2) lead in 4 l...

There is evidence that nitric oxide plays a role in the neurotransmitter balance within the basal ganglia and in the pathology of Parkinson's disease. In the present work we investigated in striatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned rats the effects of a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, NG-nitro-l-arginine (L-NOARG), given systemically on both the dopaminergic (DA) neuronal loss and the...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Increased echogenicity of the substantia nigra is a typical transcranial sonography finding in Parkinson disease. Experimental software for digital analysis of the echogenic substantia nigra area has been developed. The aim of this study was to compare the evaluation of substantia nigra echogenicity by using digital analysis with a manual measurement in patients with Park...

Intracisternal 6-hydroxydopamine treatment to newborn rats caused massive and permanent damage of brain dopaminergic neurons, and many of these animals show self-injurious behavior (SIB) when loaded by systemic injection of L-dihydroxyphenuylalanine (L-DOPA) or D1 agonist, SKF-38393. SIB occurred at life-long time in neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats, because SIB confirmed rats at 4 to 6...

Continuing the study of the relationship between TC 0 , AC 0 and arithmetic circuits, started by Agrawal et al. 1], we answer a few questions left open in this paper. Our main result is that the classes DiiAC 0 and GapAC 0 coincide, under poly-time, log-space, and log-time uniformity. From that we can derive that under logspace uniformity, the following equalities hold: