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Flow and flow-induced vibration of a square array of cylinders are investigated by two-dimensional numerical simulations. Flow past 36 cylinders in an inline arranged square array and 33 cylinders in a staggered arranged square array is firstly simulated, for Re=100 and the spacing ratios of L/D=1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5. Only one vortex street is observed in the wake of the cylinder array when the spaci...

in this paper, stress and displacement fields of functionally graded (fg) nanocomposite cylinders reinforced by carbon nanotubes (cnts) subjected to internal pressure and in thermal environment are investigated by finite element method. the nanocomposite cylinders are combinations of single-walled carbon nanotubes (swcnts) and isotropic matrix. material properties are estimated by a micro mecha...

A two-dimensional numerical study of flow across rows of identical square cylinders arranged in staggered fashion is carried out. This study will unreveal complex flow physics depending upon the Reynolds number (Re) and gap spacing (g) between the cylinders. The combined effect of Reynolds number and gap spacing on the flow physics around staggered rows of cylinders are numerically studied for ...

Diesel vehicles have a huge role in the transportation of goods and people however they cause air pollutions. For this reason, researchers try to find alternative fuel additives decrease exhaust emissions. This experimental work focus on impacts oxygen content nanoparticle emissions 4 Stroke-6 cylinders turbocharged diesel engine fuelled with fuel. Nickel iron oxide nickel zinc nanoparticles do...

BACKGROUND Although tissue microarray (TMA) studies of histopathologic material have been frequently reported in studies of malignant diseases, the question of sample size (i.e., the diameter and the number of tissue cylinders investigated) has been rarely discussed. This study addresses the methodologic question of sample size in a variety of tumor types. MATERIAL AND METHODS Material from 2...

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) contribute to a wide range of environmental effects including the formation of acid rain and destroy ozone layer. In-cylinder high temperature flame and high oxygen concentration are the parameters which affect the NOx emissions. The EGR system is a very effective way for reducing NOx emission from a diesel engine (via reduction of these parameters), particularly at the...

BACKGROUND Patients with COPD on long term oxygen therapy frequently do not adhere to their prescription, and they frequently do not use their ambulatory oxygen systems as intended. Reasons for this lack of adherence are not known. The aim of this study was to obtain in-depth information about perceptions and use of prescribed ambulatory oxygen systems from patients with COPD to inform ambulato...

BACKGROUND Provision of ambulatory oxygen using an intermittent pulsed flow regulated by a demand oxygen delivery system (DODS) greatly increases the limited supply time of standard portable gaseous cylinders. The efficacy of such a system has not previously been studied during submaximal exercise in subjects with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in whom desaturation is likel...

We report a new periodic structure of the cylinder packing. All the cylinders are congruent and the length of the cylinders are infinite and their directions are restricted to only six directions of 〈110〉. Each cylinder is fixed by cylinders of other directions, so that the whole structure sustains mechanical stability. The packing density equals to