Treatment experiments of a landfill leachate were performed by wet air oxidation (WAO) with the addition of H2O2 (as free radical promoter), and a Fenton-type (at pH 7) process, in order to compare COD (chemical oxygen demand) and AOX (adsorbable organic halogen) reduction as well as biodegradability enhancement measured by OUR respirometric parameter. The WAO reactions were performed in a batc...

All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), the active metabolite of vitamin A, induces gene transcription via binding to nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs). The primary hydroxylated metabolites formed from atRA by CYP26A1, and the subsequent metabolite 4-oxo-atRA, bind to RARs and potentially have biologic activity. Hence, CYP26A1, the main atRA hydroxylase, may function either to deplete bioactive re...

Plastic waste constitutes the third largest waste volume in Malaysian municipal solid waste (MSW), next to putrescible waste and paper. The plastic component in MSW from Kuala Lumpur averages 24% (by weight), whereas the national mean is about 15%. The 144 waste dumps in the country receive about 95% of the MSW, including plastic waste. The useful life of the landfills is fast diminishing as th...

Target molecules based on Adamantane-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives were prepared. series using N-(hydroxyadamantan-1-yl)-5-(2,4-substitutedphenyl)-2-Methyl-4-Oxo-7-(2-oxo-2H-Chromen-3-yl)pyrido[2,3-d]Pyrimidine-3(4H)carboxamide (6a-j) was synthesized by reaction between 3-(2-chloroacetyl)-5-(2,4-substitutedphenyl)-2-Methyl-7-(2-Oxo-2H-Chromen-3-yl) pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one (5a-j) ...

A process for the gram scale synthesis of the oxygen bridged dimer of boron subphthalocyanine, μ-oxo-(BsubPc)2, has been developed. During the development it was found that a wide range of reaction pathways under diverse conditions lead to μ-oxo-(BsubPc)2 formation. However, obtaining μ-oxo-(BsubPc)2 as the main reaction product in appreciable yields and its subsequent isolation were extremely ...

Quorum-sensing systems are critical regulators of the expression of virulence factors of various organisms, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Las and Rhl are two major quorum-sensing components, and they are regulated by their corresponding autoinducers, N-3-oxododecanoyl homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C(12)-HSL) and N-butyryl-L-homoserine lactone (C(4)-HSL). Recent progress has demonstrated the pot...