The overturning circulation of the global oceans is examined from an energetics viewpoint. The general framework of Winters et al. (1995) for stratified turbulence is used, first to highlight the importance of available potential energy in facilitating the transfer of kinetic energy to the background potential energy (defined as the adiabatically-rearranged state with no motion). Next, it is sh...

The distribution of gases such as ozone and water vapour in the stratosphere - which affect surface climate - is influenced by the meridional overturning of mass in the stratosphere, the Brewer-Dobson circulation. However, observation-based estimates of its global strength are difficult to obtain. Here we present two calculations of the mean strength of the meridional overturning of the stratos...

Analyses of a 500-yr control integration with the non-flux-adjusted coupled atmosphere–sea ice–ocean model ECHAM5/Max-Planck-Institute Ocean Model (MPI-OM) show pronounced multidecadal fluctuations of the Atlantic overturning circulation and the associated meridional heat transport. The period of the oscillations is about 70–80 yr. The low-frequency variability of the meridional overturning cir...

In recent years, failings of girders due to overturning in continuous girder bridges have repeatedly occurred China. To investigate the collapse mechanism and also evaluate rationality anti-overturning design method using beam element models that are commonly adopted practical design, detailed 3D finite solid a typical single-column pier three-span box bridge were built full-range numerical ana...

The strength of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation is believed to affect the climate over glacial-interglacial and millennial timescales. The marine sedimentary (231)Pa/(230)Th ratio is a promising paleocirculation proxy, but local particle effects may bias individual reconstructions. Here we present new Atlantic sedimentary (231)Pa/(230)Th data from the Holocene, the last glacial maxi...

[1] A new mechanism is proposed to explain the 100,000-year timescale for variations in Antarctic temperatures and atmospheric CO2 over the last 650,000 years. It starts with fluctuations in the oceanic overturning around Antarctica that release CO2 up to the atmosphere or trap it in the deep ocean. Every 50,000 years one of these fluctuations coincides with a changeover in the burial of CaCO3 ...

Ground cylindrical steel fluid storage tanks are widely used in different industries. Regarding the significance of these structures, it is important to establish their proper performance in earthquakes by evaluating their seismic performance. The present study examines the seismic behavior of an unanchored fluid storage system via ABAQUS after validation using an experimental model. Next, the ...

Six buildings were overturned in the town of Onagawa during the 2011 Great East Japan tsunami. This study investigates the possible failure mechanisms of building overturning during tsunami flow. The tsunami inundation depth and flow velocity at each overturned building were recalculated by using a tsunami numerical simulation and verified using a recorded video. The overturning moment is a res...

[1] We use a global Ocean-Atmosphere General Circulation Model (OAGCM) to show that the major mountain ranges of the world have a significant role in maintenance of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). A simulation with mountains has a maximum AMOC of 18 Sv (1 Sv = 10 m s ) compared with 0 Sv for a simulation without mountains. Atlantic heat transport at 25°N is 1.1 PW with m...