To solve the problem that traditional single-probe instruments cannot accurately measure gas and water holdup, domestic design of array holdup measuring instrument Array Optical Resistance Tool (AORT), composed five sets optical fiber probes resistance probes, is carried out in both gas–water oil–water. Simulated measurement experiments were conducted under different cut phase flow. Through ana...

The gas–liquid hydrodynamics and mass transfer were studied in a concentric tube internal jet-loop airlift reactor with conical bottom. Comparing standard design, the gas separator was equipped an adjustable deflector placed above riser. effect of riser superficial velocity uSGR on total holdup ?GT, homogenization time tH, overall volumetric liquid-phase coefficient kLa investigated laboratory ...

An X-ray visualization technique has been used for the quantitative determination of local liquid holdups distribution and liquid holdup hysteresis in a nonwetting twodimensional (2-D) packed bed. A medical diagnostic X-ray unit has been used to image the local holdups in a 2-D cold model having a random packing of expanded polystyrene beads. An aqueous barium chloride solution was used as a fl...

A mathematical model for turbulent gas-liquid flows is presented. It is shown that bubble-induced buoyancy resembles natural convection and can be readily incorporated into an incompressible flow solver by using an analog of the Boussinesq approximation. Extra transport equations are introduced to describe the evolution of the gas holdup and compute the turbulent eddy viscosity in the framework...

This paper analyzes the problem of …rms that need to make investment decisions in capital markets characterized by trading frictions and ex-post bargaining. Trading frictions make switching from one capital supplier to another costly, thus implying that the match between …rms and suppliers generates surplus. Ex-post bargaining implies that suppliers can appropriate part of this surplus. Firms r...