Abstract North Pacific ocean desert (NPOD) refers to the subtropical Ocean of low chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations, as largest globally. Studies have suggested a development NPOD over recent decades based on limited evidences from in-field measurements and yet elusive mechanism. In this study, we characterize intensity, area position year 1998 2018, investigate its control by coherent clima...

Over the past few decades, space missions have been significantly revolutionized by advent of small satellites [...]

Over the past few decades, machine learning has been subject of extensive research and application.

Clear-air turbulence (CAT) is hazardous to aircraft and projected intensify in response future climate change. However, our understanding of past CAT trends currently limited, being derived largely from outdated reanalysis data. Here we analyze globally during 1979–2020 a modern data set using 21 diagnostics. We find clear evidence large increases around the midlatitudes at cruising altitudes. ...