BACKGROUND To effectively address the health burden of tobacco use, tobacco control programs must find ways of motivating smokers to quit. The present study examined the extent to which former smokers' motivation to quit was influenced by two tobacco control policies recently introduced in the Waterloo Region: a local smoke-free bylaw and graphic cigarette warning labels. METHODS A random dig...

OBJECTIVES To examine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for 'cut down to quit' (CDTQ) smoking. DATA SOURCES Major electronic databases were searched up to July 2006. REVIEW METHODS Data from studies meeting the criteria were reviewed and analysed. A decision analytical model was constructed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of CDTQ from the NHS ...

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement, is a kind of driver mutation, accounts for 3%-5% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLC patients harboring ALK fusion genes have distinct clinical features and good response to ALK inhibitors. Metastasis from lung cancer to the ovary has rarely been known. We report a case of a 54-year-old woman with bilateral ovarian metastases from ALK rea...

OBJECTIVES We assess the cigarette price that would motivate smokers to quit. We also explore the factors associated with the required price, including exposures to non-tax tobacco control policies. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis was conducted on data from 1257 male smokers, who participated in either Wave 2 or 3 of the ITC Korea Survey. Information was obtained on what cigarette price per ...

Background Women with PCOS have increased AMH levels due to accumulated preantral and small antral in follicles. Ovulation improvement following decrease in levels of AMH could accure in these patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of metformin on anti-Mullerian hormone levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and infertility MaterialsAndMethods This randomized cli...

BACKGROUND Previous cross-sectional research has suggested single cigarettes could either promote or inhibit consumption. The present study aimed to assess the effects of single cigarette availability and consumption on downstream quit behavior. METHODS We analyzed population-based, longitudinal data from adult smokers who participated in the 2008 and 2010 administrations of the International...

BACKGROUND There is increasing recognition that the two measures in the Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI), time to first cigarette of the day (TTFC) and daily consumption (cigarettes per day [CPD]), are strong predictors of quitting behavior. METHODS Use of Waves 1-4 of International Tobacco Control cohort with around 8,000 respondents per wave and 6,000 for prediction of quit outcomes at the ...

Background and aims: The onion (Allium cepa var. cepa) is an allogamous species in which male-sterile lines have been developed. However, the structure of flower floral nectaries only briefly described. objective this study to update anatomy data, comparing gynoecium androecium male-fertile lines, analyze three-dimensional nectary. M&M: Conventional optical scanning electron microscopy tech...

The aim was to assess the association of exposure to point-of-sale (POS) tobacco marketing with quit attempt and quit success in a prospective study of smokers in the United States. Data were collected via telephone-interview on exposure to POS tobacco marketing, sociodemographic and smoking-related variables from 999 smokers in Omaha, Nebraska, in the United States. Exposure to POS tobacco mar...

Introduction: Readiness to quit smoking a pattern of attitudes, intentions, and behaviors that reflect a likelihood of engaging in cessation activities—is a useful heuristic for understanding smoking disparities based on sexual orientation. This study examined demographic, tobacco-use patterns, psychosocial and cognitive factors associated with readiness to quit among gay and bisexual male smok...