A 72-year-old man was hospitalized with asymptomatic hyponatremia. Despite hyponatremia, urinary sodium excretion with urine osmolality exceeding plasma osmolality persisted. Plasma vasopressin levels were high and independent of plasma osmolality during hypertonic saline infusion. Computed tomography of the chest showed enlarged mediastinal and right hilar lymph nodes. Microscopically, a speci...

In a previous communication (Asscher, Sussman, Waters, Davis, and Chick, 1966), it was shown that urine obtained from females supports the growth of E. coli, the commonest urinary pathogen, better than that from males. This difference was dependent on a sex difference in urinary pH and osmolality, the urines of females being significantly more often at suitable pH and osmolality for the growth ...

Iodinated contrast agents are usually classified based upon their osmolality--high, low, and isosmolar. Iodinated contrast agents are also nephrotoxic in some but not all patients resulting in loss of glomerular filtration rate. Over the past 30 years, nephrotoxicity has been linked to osmolality although the precise mechanism underlying such a link has been elusive. Improvements in our underst...

There is a need to develop dosage forms suitable for children improve drug treatment. Extemporaneous compounding of drugs one way meet these needs. However, excipients generally considered as safe in adults may not be appropriate intended children. The aim was optimize the composition two pediatric liquid preparations by substituting paraben microbiological preservative and ethanol solubilizer,...

Patients on maintenance hemodialysis are at high risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Fluid overload is generally regarded as the main cause of death among them. Cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) by chest plain film routinely performed to evaluate their volumetric states cardiac conditions. We recently reported that salivary conductivity a reliable marker assessing fluid status in healthy ...

We have shown that urea transport across the terminal inner medullary collecting duct (terminal IMCD) is mediated by a vasopressin-stimulated, facilitated diffusion process exhibiting properties consistent with a transporter. To investigate whether hypertonic NaCl, as exists in vivo in the inner medulla, affects urea permeability, we studied isolated perfused rat terminal IMCD segments. Perfusa...

PURPOSE To investigate the correlation between functional bladder capacity, first morning urine osmolality, daytime voiding symptoms, and severity of nocturnal enuresis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We assessed a total of 101 children with nocturnal enuresis (mean age, 7.7±2.3 years). Patients were divided into three groups according to the severity of enuresis: (1) one to six episodes per week (46 ...