low-power lasers are a group of lasers with a power less than 500 mw and unlike high-power lasers they have no effect on tissue temperature; they produce light-dependent chemical reactions in tissues. the purpose of this study was to review the clinical applications of these lasers and their success rate in different studies in orofacial pains. the articles with the key word “low level laser th...

In the present study, the effects of intra-hippocampal microinjections of morphine (an opioid agonist) and naloxone (an opioid antagonist) were investigated in the formalin-induced orofacial pain in rats. Orofacial pain was induced by subcutaneous injection of formalin (1 %, 50 μl) in the upper lip region and the time spent of face rubbing was measured in 3-min blocks for 45 min. Formalin induc...

Mothers exposed to Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are at high risk to born babies with orofacial malformations such as cleft lips. About 9 percent of congenital abnormalities in babies of mothers with epilepsy relates to orofacial abnormalities. Maintaining safe antiepileptic drugs for millions of mothers with epilepsy is very important. Researches show that new AEDs have less side effects than the...

Orofacial clefts are one of the most common congenital anomalies. The incidence is approximately 1 : 500 to 1 : 550 births [1]. The group of orofacial anomalies is heterogeneous. It comprises “typical” orofacial clefts ((cleft lip (CL), cleft lip and cleft palate (CLP) and cleft palate only (CP)) and “atypical” clefts (median, transversal, oblique and other Tessier’s types of facial clefts)[1]....

Orofacial Myofunctional Disorders (OMDs) are disorders pertaining to the face and mouth and may affect, directly and indirectly, chewing1, swallowing2, 3, speech4, 5, 6, occlusion7, 8, 9, 10, temporomandibular joint movement11, 12, oral hygiene13, 14, stability of orthodontic treatment15, 16, 8, 17, facial esthetics18, 9, and facial skeletal growth19, 20. Orofacial Myofunctional Disorders may h...

Orofacial granulomatosis is a nonspecific term that contains a wide variety of granulomatous entities, which share a clinical and histopathological presentation. It manifests as persistent or recurrent orofacial swelling, amongst other findings. Idiopathic orofacial granulomatosis, characterized by an absence of systemic granulomatous disease, is a diagnosis of exclusion. The main differential ...

Orofacial granulomatosis comprises a group of diseases characterized by noncaseating granulomatous inflammation affecting the soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial region. The most common clinical presentation is persistent swelling of one or both lips. It is important to establish the diagnosis accurately because this condition is sometimes a manifestation of Crohn's disease or sarcoidosi...

Orofacial clefts are one of the most common congenital anomalies. The incidence is approximately 1 : 500 to 1 : 550 births [1]. The group of orofacial anomalies is heterogeneous. It comprises “typical” orofacial clefts ((cleft lip (CL), cleft lip and cleft palate (CLP) and cleft palate only (CP)) and “atypical” clefts (median, transversal, oblique and other Tessier’s types of facial clefts)[1]....

Chronic orofacial pain is a multifaceted health problem that like many other forms ofchronic pain bears deleterious effects upon quality of life as well as psychological andphysiological well-being. Due to a poorly understood etiology, effective treatment strategies are lacking and tend to lack a guiding integrative conceptual framework toform the basis and development of intervention. This rev...

The present study investigated the protective effect of the ethanolic extract of Psidium guajava L. against tacrine-induced orofacial dyskinesia in rats. Behavioral assessments such as vacuous chewing movements, tongue protrusions, orofacial bursts, locomotion, and cognition were recorded. Forebrain of tacrine treated animals was assessed for its antioxidant levels. P. guajava (100 and 200 mg/k...