The Hyrcanian forests of Iran contain many species-rich communities that can only be maintained through an understanding the renewal and development these forests. Located in Jojadeh section Farim forest northern Iran, individual tree growth five distinct species [(Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky), chestnut-leaved oak (Quercus castaneifolia Coss. ex J.Gay), Persian maple (Acer velutinum...

Most forests are exposed to anthropogenic management activities that affect tree species composition and natural ecosystem processes. Changes in ecosystem processes such as herbivory depend on management intensity, and on regional environmental conditions and species pools. Whereas influences of specific forest management measures have already been addressed for different herbivore taxa on a lo...

Beech-forests (Fagus sylvatica L.) represent the natural vegetation cover for the majority of sites in Germany. Although coniferous forests actually dominate, beech is the most important among the deciduous tree-species in Germany, when considering the area and the economics. While the wood of the younger beech normally shows a whitish colour (white beech), the timber of older beech may form co...

The transmission of wildlife zoonoses to humans depends, amongst others, on complex interactions of host population ecology and pathogen dynamics within host populations. In Europe, the Puumala virus (PUUV) causes nephropathia epidemica in humans. In this study we investigated complex interrelations within the epidemic system of PUUV and its rodent host, the bank vole (Myodes glareolus). We sug...

Forest management not only affects biodiversity but also might alter ecosystem processes mediated by the organisms, i.e. herbivory the removal of plant biomass by plant-eating insects and other arthropod groups. Aiming at revealing general relationships between forest management and herbivory we investigated aboveground arthropod herbivory in 105 plots dominated by European beech in three diffe...

Forest types of the Wapiti, Doon and Glaisnock catchments, ranked in order of proportion of preferred food species for deer, paralleled a gradient of landform stability. Seral forests and low altitude silver beech forests were preferred deer habitat because they contained the largest proportions of highly preferred species. They often occurred on unstable landforms such as debris cones, colluvi...

1 In forest communities, species coexistence can be favoured by disturbance-related variations in light regime coupled with rank reversal in species performance. The objective of this study was to determine if a major canopy disturbance, resulting from an ice storm, would favour the coexistence of sugar maple ( Acer saccharum ) and beech ( Fagus grandifolia ) in an old-growth forest located nea...

Bu çalışmada, yanmayı geciktirici özellikteki kimyasal maddelerden, borik asit, boraks ve amonyum sülfat ile emprenye işlemi uygulanan epoksi (Sika floor 156) poliürea (Sikalastic®-851 R) reçineleri kaplanan Doğu kayını (Fagus orientalis L.) odununun beyaz kahverengi çürüklük mantarlarına karşı direnç özelliklerinin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, deney örnekleri borlu bileşikler sülfa...

Anticipated changes in climate and research findings on the drought sensitivity of beech have triggered controversial discussions about the future of European beech. We investigated the growth response of beech on the treeand stand-level in mature stands to three different thinning intensities (no thinning, strong thinning, very strong thinning) on a northeastand southwest-facing slope in South...