Effects of dioctyltin oxide (DOTO) tricyclohexyltin hydroxide (TCHTOH) and tributyltin oxide (TBTO) were examined on some enzymic activities in liver and kidney and biogenic amines level in brain of rats at 24 hours after single subcutaneous administration (25 ƒÊmole/100 g B. Wt.). All the organotin compounds produced a significant increase in the activity of alkaline phosphatase and adenosin t...

The neurotoxicity of Parkinson’s disease (PD)-related tetrahydroisoquinolines (TIQs) and organotins is reviewed. PD is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases among aged people and characteristized by the selective death of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, but its pathological mechanism remains unknown. 1-Benzyl1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (1BnTIQ), an endogenous brain amine, was...

Biofouling causes huge economic loss and generates serious ecological issues worldwide. Marine coatings incorporated with antifouling (AF) compounds are the most common practices to prevent biofouling. With a ban of organotins and an increase in the restrictions regarding the use of other AF alternatives, exploring effective and environmentally friendly AF compounds has become an urgent demand ...

Introduction Organotin compounds have been used since the 1960s as an effective antifouling agent in paints applied to ships and aquaculture nets in the marine environment. However, organotin compounds cause damage to nontarget marine organisms by leaching from the coating applied to boat hulls into the marine environment. For Sn analyses, speciation of the organotin compounds has been of great...

Blue mussels (Mytilus trossulus) were transplanted in cages for three months in two Swedish coastal areas in the Bothnian Sea (northern Baltic Sea) to investigate the interactions between analysed environmental chemicals and biological responses. A wide array of biological parameters (biomarkers) including antioxidant and biotransformation activity, geno-, cyto- and neurotoxic effects, phagocyt...

Organotins (OTs) are globally ubiquitous contaminants. Contamination of OTs, particularly butyltins (BTs), has been suspected to cause immunosuppressive effects leading to subsequent infectious diseases or opportunistic infection by pathogens in marine mammals. In the present study, we collected individuals from five different populations of finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides) from coa...

Dietary and xenobiotic compounds can disrupt endocrine signaling, particularly of steroid receptors and sexual differentiation. Evidence is also mounting that implicates environmental agents in the growing epidemic of obesity. Despite a long-standing interest in such compounds, their identity has remained elusive. Here we show that the persistent and ubiquitous environmental contaminant, tribut...

Tributyltin (TBT) is a legacy pollutant in the aquatic environment, predominantly from its use in anti-foulant paints and is listed as a priority hazardous substance in the European Union's Water Framework Directive (WFD). Measuring low concentrations of TBT and other organotins (e.g. monobutyltin (MBT), dibutyltin (DBT), diphenyltin (DPhT) and triphenyltin (TPhT)) at sub ng/L concentrations in...

The Leydig cells of the testis have the capacity to biosynthesize testosterone from cholesterol. Testosterone and its metabolically activated product dihydrotestosterone are critical for the development of male reproductive system and spermatogenesis. At least four steroidogenic enzymes are involved in testosterone biosynthesis: Cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A1) for the conversio...