Kinesin-5 is essential in many species for the formation of a bipolar spindle. Although bipolar tetramers were known to crossbridge pairs of microtubules, the mechanism for organizing spindles was unclear. However, new experiments have revealed unique properties of kinesin-5, including some associated with the tail domain, that provide clues as to how spindles are assembled.

We propose a mechanism of visual concept formation in image databases using self-organizing feature maps. Taking flag images as a case study, we managed to mine out a few visual concepts and hence enabled a content-based image retrieval system with the ability of searching by concepts.

The objective of the paper is to develop a novel intelligent pitch control system of a 2MW wind turbine driven by variable-speed hydraulic pump-controlled system. For realizing the intelligent pitch controller, self-organizing fuzzy sliding mode control, which combines fuzzy sliding mode control and self-organizing modifier, is proposed. In order to verify the proposed concept experimentally, a...