We have used electron microscopy of thin sections and experiments on isolated viroplasms to compare the properties of four strains of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), three of which were partially or completely deleted in open reading frame (ORF) II. Our results confirm that this gene is required for aphid transmissibility and show that the product of ORF II influences the firmness with which v...

Barn swallows Hirundo rustica often have characteristic feather holes on wing and tail feathers. During the past 15 yr, several influential papers have been based on the assumption that these holes were chewed by the louse Machaerilaemus malleus. We gathered feather-hole data from barn swallows and other passerines at 2 sites in Hungary and correlated the presence of holes with louse infestatio...

We conducted a survey of the phytosanitary status Prunus germplasm collection in Nikita Botanical Gardens, Yalta, Russia. The virome plants displaying virus-like symptoms was studied using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing. Reads related to prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), prune dwarf (PDV), and ourmia-like 1 (OuLV1) were generated number samples. Near complete genomes two diverg...

In this paper, we use a multivariate affine jump process to model the downgrade intensities for several categories of business sector in credit portfolios. Since multivariate affine jump structure enables us to consider self-exciting effects as well as mutually exciting effects, the model can explain the downgrade clusters observed in the Japanese market. Also, we propose a new credit derivativ...

We analyze the one-dimensional random walk of a particle on the right-half real line. The particles starts at x = k, for k > 0, and ends up at the origin. We solve for the probabilities of absorption at the origin by means of a geometric representation of this random walk in terms of paths on a two-dimensional lattice.

The mechanism of the divergent expression of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) ORF 28 and ORF 29 genes from a common intergenic DNA element, the ORF 28/29 promoter, is of interest based on the observation that both genes are expressed during VZV lytic infection but only the ORF 29 gene is expressed in latently infected neurons. In the work presented here, expression driven by the ORF 28/29 inter...

An ELISA for molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) was used to determine the antibody status of 35 adults with clinical infections and known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serology and of 357 persons (ages, 1 week-69 years) considered representative of the Australian population. MCV antibody was identified in 77% of persons with molluscum lesions: in 17 of 24 HIV-1-negative persons and in 10 of...

The complete genomic sequence of pothos latent virus (PoLV) has been determined. The genome organization is very similar to that of tombusviruses. The genome is 4415 nucleotides long and contains five ORFs. The 5' ORF (ORF 1) encodes a protein with a predicted molecular mass of 25 kDa and readthrough of its amber stop codon results in an 84 kDa protein (ORF 2). ORF 3 encodes the 40 kDa capsid p...

A group of six specific pathogen free (SPF) lambs were infected epidermally with Orf virus. Seven weeks later they were reinfected. For a period of 4 weeks after each inoculation they were observed clinically and blood was collected for analysis of virus specific antibody measured by ELISA and peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) proliferative response to various viral antigens. After the primary ...

We determined the complete nucleotide sequence of bovine parvovirus (BPV), an autonomous parvovirus. The sequence is 5,491 nucleotides long. The terminal regions contain nonidentical imperfect palindromic sequences of 150 and 121 nucleotides. In the plus strand, there are three large open reading frames (left ORF, mid ORF, and right ORF) with coding capacities of 729, 255, and 685 amino acids, ...