Background: Adiponectin is an adipokine with anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic and cardioprotective effects that also contributes to the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS) [1]. MetS frequently observed in patients rheumatoid arthritis (RA), increasing risk cardiovascular (CV) morbidity mortality these [1-3]. A recent study our group disclosed a short-term effect anti-IL-6 therapy o...

Background: Vaspin is a novel anti-inflammatory adipokine associated with cardiovascular (CV) disease and inflammation in chronic inflammatory conditions different from axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). 1 Given the high incidence of CV (mainly due to accelerated atherosclerosis) exhibited by axSpA patients, 2 we wondered if vaspin could also be key molecule this process. However, data on role re...

Background Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) is a transcription family that plays crucial role in physiological and immune processes, modulating intracellular extracellular signaling pathways related with several diseases 1,2 . In this regard, it has been involved the pathogenesis rheumatoid arthritis (RA) development cardiovascular (CV) disease 3-5 Given CV one main causes morbidity m...

To identify the antigen receptor on human T lymphocytes, clonal T cell populations of predefined specificities were utilized as immunogens for monoclonal antibody generation . Two sets of clonally unique (clonotypic) monoclonal antibodies resulted (1, 2) . The first defined a surface molecule (Ti t ) on an MHC class I-specific cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) clone termed CT8111 (1), whereas the se...

Background Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common and life-threatening complication in patients with autoimmune diseases (AD), mainly those systemic sclerosis (SSc) rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Growing evidence indicate that vascular abnormalities constitute the early phase pathogenesis of these inflammatory [1]. We recently reported decrease angiogenic T cells (TAng), promote endothelial re...

Background Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is an inflammatory disease with detrimental effects on the health status of individuals affected by this condition [1]. axSpA patients also exhibit high cardiovascular (CV) risk, mainly due to accelerated atherosclerosis [2]. Interestingly, adipomyokine irisin was described play a beneficial role in several physiological and pathophysiological processe...

1. introduction wind erosion is a major geomorphological force, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. it is also a major source of land degradation, evaporation, desertification, harmful airborne dust, and crop damage especially after being increased far above natural rates by human activities such as deforestation, urbanization, and agriculture. wind erosion removes sediment, damage crops,...