BACKGROUND Oral (mobile) tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is characterized by a highly variable prognosis in early-stage disease (T1/T2 N0M0). The ability to classify early oral tongue SCCs into low-risk and high-risk categories would represent a major advancement in their management. METHODS Depth of invasion, tumor budding, histologic risk-assessment score (HRS), and cancer-associated f...

Teratomas are the benign tumours, which may occur anywhere in the body. Development of these lesions in the oral cavity is extremely rare. In the oral cavity, they usually arise in the midline, in the floor of mouth. Infrequently, they may be seen in the tongue proper. We hereby, present a case of swelling tongue in 56 years female diagnosed as teratoma.

The tongue microbiota is a major contributor to oral malodour. Clinical studies indicate an association between oral malodour and chronic periodontitis. In this study, microbiota on the tongue of individuals with oral health, chronic periodontitis and gingivitis, was characterized in relation to the periodontal microbiota. Tongue scrapings, subgingival and interdental plaque were collected, und...

Novel uses of ultrasound include obtaining images of intra-oral structures to further research in speech production and feeding. In this technical note we describe a noninvasive, cost-effective, and reliable method for measuring infant tongue muscle thickness. The current pilot study demonstrates high reliability of a trained ultrasonographer to obtain adequate images of the infant tongue and t...

INTRODUCTION Recent evidence suggests that the local renin-angiotensin system has been implicated in various malignancies. The mitochondrial assembly receptor is a newly identified receptor for angiotensin peptides, angiotensin-(1-7), and has an important role in the renin-angiotensin system. However, the role of the mitochondrial assembly receptor in the prognosis of cancer patients remains un...

Apoptosis-related protein B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL) has a crucial role in the control of cell death through its inhibition of apoptosis. This study was designed to investigate the expression of Bcl-xL in relation to the development of tongue carcinoma and whether it has potential as a marker for the clinical diagnosis of tongue carcinoma and as a therapeutic target to evaluate the dy...

Tongue function can affect both the oral and pharyngeal stages of the swallowing process, and proper tongue strength is vital for safe oropharyngeal swallowing. This trial investigated the effect of tongue-to-palate resistance training (TPRT) on tongue strength and oropharyngeal swallowing function in stroke with dysphagia patients. This trial was performed using a 4-week, two-group, pre-post-d...

The tongue plays important roles in a variety of critical human oral functions, including speech production, swallowing, mastication and respiration. These sophisticated tongue movements are in part finely regulated by cortical entrainment. Many studies have examined sensorimotor processing in the limbs using magnetoencephalography (MEG), which has high spatiotemporal resolution. Such studies h...

This is the first ever-detailed study of tongue diseases in Libyan population, where the tongue conditions found in 320 patients (9.2%) of 3,460 consecutive patients screened in the department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis at faculty of dentistry, Benghazi Libya. Both sexes were affected almost equally and only 25 patients were aware of their tongue disease. Forty patients had one or more...