This aerodynamic study investigates velum activity during the production of nasal and pharyngeal consonants, using airflow, and during the production of vowels adjacent to nasal and pharyngeal consonants, using airflow and nasalance, in Moroccan Arabic (MA). The results indicate that the velum is lowered during the production of pharyngeals and that this overlaps on adjacent vowels. However, na...

There are about 600 million betel quid (BQ) chewers in the world. BQ chewing is associated with increased incidence of oral cancer and submucous fibrosis. In this study, areca nut (AN) extract (200-800 microg/ml) induced the prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production by 1. 4-3.4-fold and 6-keto-PGF(1 alpha) production by 1.1-1.7-fold of gingival keratinocytes (GK), respectively, following 24 h of e...

Antibody production and clinical efficacy (relative percent survival RPS) were measured in 40±5g rainbow trout after immunization with two types of Streptococcus iniae vaccines consisting of formalin killed cells (FKC) and FKC enriched with the bacterial extracellular products (ECP) administered by intraperitoneal (i.p), immersion and oral routes at 16±1°C for 18 weeks. No sig...

background: the purpose of this study was to describe the knowledge and attitude of pregnant women in qazvin province, central iran, relating to oral hygiene. methods: the study group comprised of 760 pregnant women living in qazvin, center of iran in 2004. the questions were formulated to evaluate information without the need for dental examination. the age groups between 17-41 years old were ...

This study aimed at investigating the relative impact of comprehensible input and comprehensible output on the development of grammatical accuracy and syntactic complexity of Iranian EFL learners’ oral production. Participants were 60 female EFL learners selected from a whole population pool of 80 based on the standard test of IELTS. To investigate the research questions, the participants were ...

Oral candidiasis is a collective name for a group of disorders caused by the dimorphic fungus Candida albicans. Host defenses against C. albicans essentially fall into two categories: specific immune mechanisms and local oral mucosal epithelial cell defenses. Since oral epithelial cells secrete a variety of cytokines and chemokines in response to oral microorganisms and since C. albicans is clo...

This quasi-experimental study aimed to investigate the effect of task repetition under four conditions on the three dimensions of oral production (accuracy, complexity and fluency) and grammatical knowledge gain of learners of English as a Foreign Language (EFL). 40 young learners of English as a Foreign Language in four classes were randomly assigned into one of the following groups: repetitio...

background nafld/nash is a manifestation of metabolic syndrome and is associated with obesity/overweight. not all obese/overweight individuals develop nash. gastro-esophageal reflux disease (gerd) is considered a gastrointestinal manifestation of the metabolic syndrome and is associated with obesity/overweight. again not all obese/overweight individuals develop gerd. recent data show associatio...

fasting is a religious obligation, which can be challenging for individuals with oral conditions due to its stringent code of conduct. moreover, food abstinence during fasting can restrict oral feeding even further in patients whose nutrition has been already compromised. previous research has mainly concentrated on oral hygiene and gum health, disregarding orodental conditions and diseases. th...

oral malignant melanoma (omm) accounts for 5% of all oral malignancies. it is a rare aggressive neoplasm usually found on the hard palate and gingiva. the etiology is unknown, but tobacco and chronic irritation are suggested as probable causative factors. over 30% of the cases have been reported to arise from pre-existing pigmented lesions. a biopsy is required to establish the diagnosis and th...