BACKGROUND Candidiasis, the infection caused by Candida albicans, is one of the most common infections of the oral cavity in humans. Candidiasis causes irritation and is known for its carcinogenic effects. Thus, it is important to recognize the predisposing factors for this opportunistic infection. Several previous studies have demonstrated an increased frequency of vaginal candidiasis in relat...

Hormone-based therapies including combined oral contraceptive medications and spironolactone are considered effective therapies to treat adult acne in women. Our objective is to provide a concise and comprehensive overview of the types of hormonal therapy that are available to treat acne and comment on their efficacy and safety profiles for clinical practice. A systematic search using the PubMe...

Since their introduction in the 1960s, oral contraceptives have been rapidly accepted as an effective method of contraception, with over 100 million users worldwide. Lower-dose pills have been formulated over the years so that, for the majority, the pill is extremely safe, often with added health benefits. Major risks related to pill use are now also recognised so that women at particular risk ...

Adolescents are frequently prescribed hormonal contraceptive agents for both contraceptive and noncontraceptive purposes. Over half of all sexually experienced females aged 15 to 19 have used some form of hormonal contraception: 56% oral contraceptive pills (OCPs), 20% injectable, 14% emergency, 10% patch, and 5% ring. Given that 50% of adolescent girls have been sexually active before age 18, ...

OBJECTIVES This study was performed to investigate the clinical presentation and predisposing factors for cerebral vein and sinus thrombosis (CVST) in Isfahan, Iran. METHODS Data from the records of all patients with CVST referred to the largest tertiary-care hospital of Isfahan during a five-year period (1997 to 2001) were extracted and reviewed. RESULTS The number of cases with CVST diagn...

Hormonal contraceptive pills containing 750 microgram levonorgestrel are the most commonly used postcoital contraceptive method because of their high efficacy and fewer side effects. Emergency contraceptive pills containing levonorgestrel present their effects by several mechanisms, including delayed tubal transport of the ovum. A delay of tubal transportation of an ovum is also one of the poss...

Epidemiological studies indicate that use of third generation oral contraceptives increases the risk of venous thromboembolism more than does use of second generation oral contraceptives. Critics have suggested that this finding may be confounded by indication, since third generation pills were considered to be safer and were therefore perhaps prescribed more often to women at high risk. If con...

background: cerebral venous-sinus thrombosis is an uncommon form but important cause of stroke, especially in young-aged women. methods: we performed a retrospective descriptive-analytical study in which 124 patients with cerebral venous-sinus thrombosis, who referred to nemazee hospital, shiraz university of medical sciences from january 2000 to march 2008, were included, and their demographic...

OBJECTIVES To identify and report cross-national patterns in contraceptive use among sexually active adolescents. DESIGN A cross-national cross-sectional survey. SETTING Data were collected in 2002 by self-report questionnaire from students in school classrooms. PARTICIPANTS A cluster sample of 33,943 students aged 15 years from 24 countries. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES International standard...

Background Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) contraceptive use is associated with an increased risk for Chlamydia infection. However, prior studies inadequately account for potential differences in sexual behavior between users of DMPA and users of other contraceptive methods. In this study we compare sexual risk-taking behavior in women using DMPA to women using oral contraceptive pills...