Orthodontic treatment is an appliance-intensive endeavor, where array of mechanical devices used to bring about tooth movement. By virtue remaining in close proximity the enamel, gingiva and periodontal ligament intra-orally over a prolonged period time, orthodontic appliances have significant impact on paradental tissues, oral environment microbiome. by acting as anchors for biofilm plaque for...

Placement of fixed appliances is still unfortunately linked with a high risk of developing white spot lesions, in spite of advances in orthodontic materials and treatment techniques [1,2]. During orthodontic treatment, plaque accumulation is frequently inevitable around the brackets because of inadequate oral hygiene which is very common in pubertal people [2]. Dental plaque is a biofilm produc...

RESPIRATORY-RELATED ACTIVATION OF THE UPPERAIRWAY-DILATING AND TONGUE-PROTRUDING MUSCLES IS WIDELY KNOWN to be effective in reducing the tendency of the upper airway and tongue to collapse during sleep. The electromyographic (EMG) activity of the genioglossus (GG) muscle increases in the head-up and/or supine position and thereby acts to maintain upper airway patency.1-4 However, sleeprelated r...

With so many disciplines of both medicine and dentistry involved in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), several forms of therapy are available. The orthodontist is rarely considered when the diagnosis of chronic obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is delivered. However, the scope of orthodontic care today is much broader than the mere alignment of teeth. While the current gold standard fo...