The structural and optical characterization of bulk GeO2-PbO glasses was the goal of this study. In this regard, six different (100-x)GeO2‌-xPbO (15<x<45) glasses were prepared by conventional melt quenching technique between two steel sheets. The produced samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV-Vis s...

In future high-speed self-routing photonic networks based on all-optical time division multiplexing (OTDM) it is highly desirable to carry out packet switching, clock recovery and demultplexing in the optical domain in order to avoid the bottleneck due to the optoelectronics conversion. In this paper we propose a self-routing OTDM node structure composed of an all-optical router and demultiplex...

Systematic procedures are presented for determining the the optical components needed to obtain an arbitrary transformation of a propagating light ray or Gaussian beam.

In this paper, a robust PID control scheme is proposed for Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS) optical switches. The proposed approach is designed in a way which solves two challenging and important problems. The first one is successful reference tracking and the second is mitigating the system nonlinearities. The overall system composed of nonlinear MEMS dynamics and the PID controller is ...

In this paper, a robust PID control scheme is proposed for Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS) optical switches. The proposed approach is designed in a way which solves two challenging and important problems. The first one is successful reference tracking and the second is mitigating the system nonlinearities. The overall system composed of nonlinear MEMS dynamics and the PID controller is ...