In addition to the dielectric and magnetic permeability constants, another constant is generally needed to describe the electrodynamic properties of a linear isotropic medium. We discuss why the need for the third constant arises and what sort of physical situations can give rise to a non-zero value for it. This additional constant, which we call the “Activity Constant” and denote by ζ, can exp...

T he fundamentals of structure and stereochemistry have been considered in previous chapters in some detail. There are, however, practical aspects of stereochemistry that have not yet been mentioned, particularly with regard to chiral compounds. How, for instance, can a racemic mixture be separated into its component enantiomers (resolution); what methods can be used to establish the configurat...

H. Liu,1 D. A. Genov,1 D. M. Wu,1 Y. M. Liu,1 Z. W. Liu,1 C. Sun,1 S. N. Zhu,2 and X. Zhang1,* 15130 Etcheverry Hall, Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1740, USA 2Department of Physics, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China Received 30 June 2007; published 14...

We introduce chiral rotational spectroscopy, a technique that enables the determination of the orientated optical activity pseudotensor components BXX , BYY , and BZZ of chiral molecules, in a manner that reveals the enantiomeric constitution of a sample and provides an incisive signal even for a racemate. Chiral rotational spectroscopy could find particular use in the analysis of molecules tha...

R. Zhao,1,2 L. Zhang,1 J. Zhou,3 Th. Koschny,1,4 and C. M. Soukoulis1,4 1Ames Laboratory and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA 2Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China 3Centre for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics & Applications Division, Los Alamos National...

Moderate-resolution spectroscopic observations from the Keck 10m telescope are used to derive internal kinematics for eight faint disk galaxies in the fields flanking the Hubble Deep Field. The spectroscopic data are combined with high–resolution F814W WFPC2 images from the Hubble Space Telescope which provide morphologies and scale-lengths, inclinations and orientations. The eight galaxies hav...

Starch is the most important digestible polysaccharide present in foods and feeds. The starch concentration in cereals cannot be determined directly, because the starch is contained within a structurally and chemically complex matrix. Fine grinding and boiling in dilute HCl are preparative steps necessary for complete release of the starch granules from the protein matrix. Starch can be determi...

We have studied by electrical and optical methods the properties of the defects to possibly identify which ones affect the luminescence of the material. We have characterized Er-doped Si samples grown by the Liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE) method, a relatively simple and inexpensive technique, by means of photoluminescence (PL), cathodoluminescence, EXAFS and deep level transient spectroscopy. The o...

We study optical activity induced by curvature. The optical activity model we present has two phenomenological gyration parameters, within which we analyze three model cases, namely, an exactly integrable model, the Landau-Lifshitz model and the Fedorov model, these latter two are solved in the short wavelength approximation. The model background is a gravitational pp-wave. The solutions show t...

A proposal is made to measure the parity-violating energy difference between enantiomers of chiral molecules by modifying the dynamics of the two-state system using an external chiral field, in particular, circularly polarized light. The intrinsic molecular parity-violating energy could be compensated by this external chiral field, with the subsequent change in the optical activity. From the ob...